Table 3.

Risk of venous thromboembolic events in patients with IBD.

	Crude model*		Model 1**		Model 2***		Model 3****
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
VTE	1.76 (1.42–2.17)	< 0.001	1.96 (1.58–2.43)	< 0.001	2.06 (1.66–2.55)	< 0.001	1.78 (1.42–2.23)	< 0.001
DVT	2.14 (1.67–2.75)	< 0.001	2.47 (1.92–3.19)	< 0.001	2.58 (2.00–3.33)	< 0.001	2.20 (1.68–2.88)	< 0.001
PE	1.23 (0.85–1.77)	0.267	1.30 (0.90–1.88)	0.159	1.39 (0.96–2.00)	0.081	1.27 (0.87–1.86)	0.217

Reference: non-IBD controls.

IBD inflammatory bowel disease; VTE venous thromboembolism; DVT deep vein thrombosis; PE pulmonary embolism; HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval.

*Matched on age and sex.

**Multivariable-adjusted model 1: adjustment for provoking factors (recent surgery, fracture, systemic corticosteroids, and pregnancy within 90 days of event).

***Multivariable-adjusted model 2: Model 1 plus adjustment for co-morbidities (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease).

****Multivariable-adjusted model 3: Model 2 plus adjustment for history of anticoagulation therapy.