Table 3.

Association of body composition with the pain visual analogue scale

Covariate and tertiles/groups	Male				Female
	Unadjusted analyses		Adjusted analyses		Unadjusted analyses		Adjusted analyses
	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Age	0.97 (0.93–1.02)	0.304	NA		1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.002	1.10 (0.99–1.04)	0.091
Disease duration	1.11 (0.93–1.27)	0.112	NA		1.02 (0.99–1.06)	0.143	NA
Anti-CCP positivity	1.05 (0.75–1.48)	0.760	NA		1.12 (1.01–1.24)	0.020	1.14 (1.01–1.27)	0.023
Current steroid dose	0.94 (0.75–1.17)	0.616	NA		1.01 (0.93–1.08)	0.856	NA
DAS28	2.91 (1.48–5.7)	0.002	2.87 (1.42–5.8)	0.003	3.23 (2.49–4.19)	< 0.001	3.08 (2.31–4.1)	< 0.001
BMI	1.01 (0.88–1.16)	0.846	NA		1.07 (1.01–1.06)	0.014	a
Skeletal muscle mass	1.00 (0.91–1.11)	0.944	NA		0.98 (0.91–1.06)	0.699	NA
Body fat mass	1.00 (0.92–1.08)	0.947	NA		1.03 (1.0–1.06)	0.023	0.99 (0.95–1.03)	0.740
Body fat/skeletal muscle ratio	1.53 (0.61–3.8)	0.355	NA		2.01 (1.04–3.85)	0.037	1.82 (0.85–3.88)	0.120
HAQ	9.51 (1.25–71.94)	0.029	7.97 (0.85–74.62)	0.069	3.99 (2.4–6.65)	< 0.001	1.22 (0.68–2.18)	0.503

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; CCP, citrullinated protein antibody; DAS28, disease activity score in 28 joints; BMI, body mass index; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire.

^aBMI was excluded from multivariable analysis due to collinearity problems with fat mass.