Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to predict pneumonia development among mild coronavirus disease 2019 patients
| Variable | Univariable analysis | p value | Multivariable analysis | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Age ≥ 65 yr | 5.06 | 1.13–22.59 | 0.034 | 3.15 | 1.14–8.73 | 0.027 |
| Female sex | 0.71 | 0.32–1.56 | 0.393 | - | - | - |
| Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 2.14 | 0.88–5.21 | 0.099 | - | - | - |
| Current smoker | 1.60 | 0.58–4.41 | 0.368 | - | - | - |
| Household contact | 2.99 | 1.09–8.17 | 0.033 | - | - | - |
| Hypertension | 5.22 | 1.70–16.07 | 0.004 | - | - | - |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7.84 | 1.44–42.61 | 0.017 | - | - | - |
| Cardiopulmonary disease | 3.84 | 0.97–15.25 | 0.056 | - | - | - |
| Abnormality in sense of smell and taste | 0.84 | 0.32–2.18 | 0.716 | - | - | - |
| Myalgia | 1.78 | 0.77–4.09 | 0.175 | - | - | - |
| Sore throat | 0.58 | 0.25–1.33 | 0.197 | - | - | - |
| Cough | 3.03 | 1.32–6.93 | 0.009 | 2.18 | 1.29–3.68 | 0.003 |
| Sputum | 2.61 | 1.17–5.85 | 0.020 | - | - | - |
| Chest discomfort | 0.90 | 0.23–3.55 | 0.884 | - | - | - |
| Dyspnea | 19.71 | 2.28–170.75 | 0.007 | 3.58 | 1.10–11.69 | 0.034 |
| Fever | 1.30 | 0.55–3.05 | 0.545 | - | - | - |
| Rhinorrhea or nasal obstruction | 1.04 | 0.46–2.37 | 0.926 | - | - | - |
| Diarrhea | 4.86 | 1.98–11.90 | < 0.001 | 2.69 | 1.51–4.78 | < 0.001 |
| No symptoms | 0.60 | 0.16–2.23 | 0.423 | - | - | - |
| WBC, /mL | 0.99 | 0.79–1.23 | 0.925 | - | - | - |
| Lymphocyte, % | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.125 | - | - | - |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 0.133 | - | - | - |
| LDH, 100 IU/L | 1.07 | 0.70–1.62 | 0.759 | - | - | - |
| Troponin-I, ng/mL | 1.16 | 0.94–1.43 | 0.161 | - | - | - |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; WBC, white blood cell; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.