Figure 2.

The effect of pre-activation. The left panel shows the No-SSC (no pre-activation) condition and the right panel shows the SSC (with pre-activation condition). The muscle force (joint torque) increases after the onset of activation (dotted lines). Note that, the muscle force increases during the active shortening phase in the no-SSC while continuously decreases in the SSC condition. This difference indicates that the muscle force is not fully developed in the early phase of active shortening in the No-SSC condition. Original figure made from authors’ published data (Reproduced with permission from Fukutani et al., 2015a).