Figure 7.

Cytokine modulation by C4BP of IAV infected A549 cells. H1N1 or H3N2 incubated with 10µg/ml of C4BP was used to infect A549 cells. Cell pellets were harvested at 2 h and 6 h to analyse the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Cells were lysed, and purified RNA was converted into cDNA. The expression levels of cytokines IFN-α (A), IL-12 (B), NF-κB (C), TNF-α (D), IL-6 (F) and chemokine RANTES (E) were measured using qRT-PCR, and the data were normalised via 18S rRNA expression as a control. The relative expression (RQ) was calculated by using cells infected with respective viruses not treated with C4BP as the calibrator. The RQ value was calculated using the formula: RQ = 2^−ΔΔCt. Assays were conducted in triplicates, and error bars represent ± SEM. Significance was determined using the two-way ANOVA test (**p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001) (n = 3).