Table 2.
Critical defect size and fixation among bones and species
| Bone | Species | Defect size (mm) | Fixation | Potential advantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calvarium | Murine | >Ø 2 54 , 55 | ||
| Rat | >Ø 5 56 , 57 | |||
| Guinea Pig | 10 58 | |||
| Lapin | >Ø 6 59 , 60 | |||
| Canine | 20 61 , 62 | |||
| Ovine | >30 63 , 64 , 65 | |||
| Porcine | >Ø 10 66 , 67 | Bone composition similar to human 2 | ||
| Rib | Canine | >50 68 , 69 | Thoracic wall kinetics similar to human 70 , 71 | |
| Ovine | 40 72 | Plate | ||
| Porcine | 100 73 | |||
| Ilium | Lapin | >Ø 5 74 , 75 | ||
| Caprine | >Ø 8 76 , 77 , 78 | |||
| Humerus | Lapin | >7 79 , 80 , 81 | Plate, intramedullary rod | |
| Canine | >Ø 5 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 | |||
| Ovine | >Ø 6 87 , 88 , 89 | |||
| Radius | Rat | >5 90 , 91 | ||
| Lapin | >14 92 , 93 , 94 | Segmental defect without fixation possible | ||
| Established radiographic and histologic scoring system 95 | ||||
| >10 96 , 97 , 98 | Plate | |||
| Femur | Rat | >4 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 | Plate, external fixator, Intramedullary rod | Highly standardized fixation systems |
| Macrostructurally similar to human 1 | ||||
| Canine | >21 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 | Plate, Intramedullary Rod | Macrostructurally similar to human 1 | |
| Bone composition similar to human 2 | ||||
| Caprine | Ø 8 76 | |||
| Tibia | Lapin | 15 108 | Plate | |
| Ovine | >30 4 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 | Plate, external fixator | Defect strain similar to human | |
| Vertebrae | Rat | >Ø 3 113 , 114 , 115 | ||
| Caprine | Ø 5 76 | |||
| Ovine | >Ø 6 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 | |||
| Mandible | Rat | >Ø 3 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 | ||
| Porcine | >17 129 , 130 , 131 | Macrostructure and microstructure and masticatory force similar to human 132 , 133 |
Note: Ø, cortical defect diameter.