Fig. 2.

Impending maternal death (a proxy for maternal condition) predicts offspring survival in five of seven primate species, and in combined-species models. The closed circles show, for each primate population, the magnitude and direction of the mortality coefficient estimates (equivalent to the log of the hazard ratio) for the association between offspring mortality (from birth to 2 y) and impending maternal death, with 95% CIs. The vertical dashed line at a coefficient estimate of zero indicates no effect, with positive values indicating increased mortality and hence reduced survival. Significance levels are indicated as follows: ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P ≤ 0.05.