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. 2021 Jan 8;11:607144. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.607144

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Copyright © 2021 Lee, Kim, Lee, Ko, Lee and Yoon

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of silencing proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines protein. Confluent fibroblasts obtained from Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) patients (n=3) were treated with either control siRNA or PCSK9 siRNA (50 nM, 24 h). Then, they were challenged with 10 ng/ml of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and compared to non-IL-1β-treated counterparts. Western blot analyses were conducted to compare the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The same experiment was repeated with fibroblasts obtained from non-GO subjects (n=3). Representative gel images are shown. The mean density ratio ± SD from fibroblasts were normalized to the level of β-actin in the same sample (*p < 0.05 between sicon + IL-1β and siPCSK9 + IL-1β; sicon, control siRNA; siPCSK9, PCSK9 siRNA).