TABLE 1.
Hypothesized associations between overactivity severity measured using the OPPA and pain measures
| Direction | Strength | Rationale | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Other overactivity measures | Positive | Moderate | Based on the assumption that other measures provide an incomplete assessment of the overactivity construct i.e. they should be related to the OPPA but not strongly |
| Activity avoidance | Positive | Small | Overactivity is theorized to result in increased activity avoidance overtime (Birkholtz et al., 2004; Philips, 1988) and some but not all overactive individuals report avoidance of non‐essential activities (Andrews et al., 2015b) |
| Activity pacing | No Association | No Association | Overactive individuals have described either infrequent use of activity pacing strategies or using pacing strategies regularly but ineffectively (Andrews et al., 2015b) |
| Depression | Positive | Moderate | Overactivity behaviour has been theorized to significantly worsen pain severity, mood, sleep quality and disrupt normal activity participation (Birkholtz et al., 2004; Fordyce, 1976; Hanson & Gerber, 1990; Philips, 1988). Qualitative data have supported these theoretical perspectives (Andrews et al., 2015b). |
| Anxiety | Positive | Moderate | |
| Stress | Positive | Moderate | |
| Pain severity | Positive | Moderate | |
| Pain interference | Positive | Moderate | |
| Activity participation | Negative | Moderate |