Table 2.
Descriptive analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of the sample
| Socio-economic variables | Negatives | SA | SI | SH | SA + SI | SA + SH | SI + SH | SA + SI + SH | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | p | N (%) | p | N (%) | p | N (%) | p | N (%) | p | N (%) | p | N (%) | p | |
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Female | 553 (52.6) | 11 (73.3) | 0.125 | 63 (67.7) | 0.005 | 90 (55.6) | 0.500 | 17 (85.0) | 0.005 | 15 (71.4) | 0.121 | 35 (64.8) | 0.093 | 30 (69.8) | 0.029 |
| Male | 499 (47.4) | 4 (26.7) | “ | 30 (32.3) | “ | 72 (44.4) | “ | 3 (15.0) | “ | 6 (28.6) | “ | 19 (35.2) | “ | 13 (30.2) | “ |
| Type of High School | |||||||||||||||
| Lyceum | 425 (40.4) | 5 (33.3) | 41 (44.1) | 44 (27.2) | 8 (40.0) | 7 (33.3) | 33 (61.1) | 22 (51.2) | |||||||
| Technical / Arts institute | 346 (32.9) | 2 (13.3) | 0.469 | 31 (33.3) | 0.805 | 61 (37.7) | 0.012 | 2 (10.0) | 0.199 | 8 (38.1) | 0.604 | 9 (16.7) | 0.004 | 10 (23.3) | 0.148 |
| Professional | 281 (26.7) | 8 (53.3) | 0.153 | 21 (22.6) | 0.417 | 57 (35.2) | 0.002 | 10 (50.0) | 0.224 | 6 (28.6) | 0.777 | 12 (22.2) | 0.085 | 11 (25.6) | 0.585 |
| Class repetition | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 223 (21.3) | 4 (26.7) | 0.539 | 21 (22.6) | 0.792 | 46 (28.8) | 0.041 | 4 (20) | 1.000 | 6 (28.6) | 0.422 | 12 (23.1) | 0.731 | 13 (30.2) | 0.185 |
| No | 825 (78.7) | 11 (73.3) | “ | 72 (77.4) | “ | 114 (71.3) | “ | 16 (80) | “ | 15 (71.4) | “ | 40 (76.9) | “ | 30 (69.8) | “ |
| Place of birth | |||||||||||||||
| Italy | 962 (91.6) | 12 (85.7) | 0.335 | 83 (89.3) | 0.438 | 138 (85.2) | 0.013 | 18 (90) | 0.682 | 18 (85.7) | 0.414 | 45 (83.3) | 0.047 | 38 (88.4) | 0.404 |
| Abroad | 88 (8.4) | 2 (14.3) | “ | 10 (10.8) | “ | 24 (14.8) | “ | 2 (10) | “ | 3 (14.3) | “ | 9 (16.7) | “ | 5 (11.6) | “ |
| Living with both parents | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 869 (82.8) | 12 (80.0) | 0.732 | 71 (76.3) | 0.120 | 128 (79.0) | 0.268 | 12 (60.0) | 0.015 | 16 (76.2) | 0.388 | 38 (70.4) | 0.027 | 27 (64.3) | 0.006 |
| No | 180 (17.2) | 3 (20.0) | “ | 22 (23.7) | “ | 34 (21.0) | “ | 8 (40.0) | “ | 5 (23.8) | “ | 16 (29.6) | “ | 15 (35.7) | “ |
| Broken home | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 180 (17.3) | 4 (26.7) | 0.313 | 23 (25.0) | 0.088 | 35 (21.9) | 0.184 | 7 (36.8) | 0.060 | 6 (28.6) | 0.240 | 15 (27.8) | 0.066 | 14 (34.2) | 0.011 |
| No | 858 (82.7) | 11 (73.3) | “ | 69 (75.0) | “ | 125 (78.1) | “ | 12 (63.2) | “ | 15 (71.4) | “ | 39 (72.2) | “ | 27 (65.9) | “ |
| Only child | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 216 (21.2) | 0 (0) | 0.051 | 13 (14.9) | 0.214 | 29 (18.0) | 0.403 | 1 (5.0) | 0.095 | 7 (35.0) | 0.165 | 13 (24.5) | 0.606 | 9 (22.0) | 0.848 |
| No | 803 (78.8) | 14 (100) | “ | 74 (85.1) | “ | 132 (82.0) | “ | 19 (95.0) | “ | 13 (65.0) | “ | 40 (75.5) | “ | 32 (78.0) | “ |
| Mother employed | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 760 (73.4) | 10 (71.4) | 1.000 | 64 (69.6) | 0.462 | 113 (70.6) | 0.503 | 14 (70.0) | 0.799 | 15 (71.4) | 0.806 | 41 (77.4) | 0.632 | 33 (76.7) | 0.726 |
| No | 276 (26.6) | 4 (28.6) | “ | 28 (30.4) | “ | 47 (29.4) | “ | 6 (30.0) | “ | 6 (28.6) | “ | 12 (22.6) | “ | 10 (23.3) | “ |
| Father employed | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | 925 (89.0) | 12 (85.7) | 0.661 | 74 (83.2) | 0.116 | 131 (83.4) | 0.046 | 15 (75.0) | 0.064 | 19 (100) | 0.252 | 46 (86.8) | 0.652 | 33 (78.6) | 0.046 |
| No | 114 (11.0) | 2 (14.3) | “ | 15 (16.9) | “ | 26 (16.6) | “ | 5 (25.0) | “ | 0 (0) | “ | 7 (13.2) | “ | 9 (21.4) | “ |
p-values of differences between each group and the reference group (“Negatives”) (two-tailed Fisher exact test)