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. 2021 Jan 8;11:613957. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613957

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Copyright © 2021 He, Lu, Qi, Zhang, Zhang, Huang, Zhuo, Sun, Yan, Chen, Zhang and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression patterns of Toll and relative transcript levels of Toll, Tube, MyD88, and Dorsal in non-viruliferous and viruliferous planthopper. For qPCR detection of Toll, samples from different developmental stages (eggs, nymphs from 1^st to 5^th instars, female and male adults) (A) and different tissues (salivary gland, gut, ovary, epidermis, hemolymph, fat body, and testicle) (B) were collected from non-viruliferous planthoppers. Five biological replicates were performed. For analysis of relative transcript levels of Toll (C), Tube (D, E) MyD88 (E), and Dorsal (F), non-viruliferous and viruliferous planthopper samples were collected individually. Actin gene was used as housekeeping gene. Each point represents a biological replicate. Statistically significant differences at P < 0.01 (**) level are indicated according to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.