Figure 5. Metformin increased the frequency of ILC2_reg after TBI.

(A) Placebo or Metformin (3 μg) was intracisternally administered at 2 hours after TBI, and isolated meninges were analyzed at day 5 after sham/TBI by forward scatter (FSC)/side scatter (SSC). Lin^–, CD127⁺, GATA3⁺ ILC2s were gated and further analyzed for the expression of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. Representative panels are provided for each group. (B and C) Quantification of ILC subtypes (B), including IL-10⁺ ILC2_reg (C). Data are mean ± SD (n = 4-7 mice/group). Data were compared using a One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001).