TABLE 1.
Comparison of clinical variables according to the quartiles of mean brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocities
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient numbers | 213 | 214 | 213 | 214 | |
| Age, years (SD) | 57.8 (12.6) | 67.4 (10.2) | 70.8 (10.3) | 76.8 (8.1) | <.001 |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 84 (39.4) | 92 (43.0) | 93 (43.7) | 143 (66.8) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.3(3.6) | 24.3 (3.3) | 24.2 (3.0) | 24.3 (13.3) | .961 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 82 (38.4) | 134 (62.6) | 151 (70.9) | 163 (76.2) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 33 (15.4) | 62 (29.0) | 78 (36.6) | 85 (39.7) | <.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 72 (33.8) | 62 (29.0) | 61 (28.6) | 42 (19.6) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 37 (17.3) | 39 (18.2) | 42 (19.7) | 18 (8.4) | .490 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 33 (15.4) | 36 (16.8) | 49 (23.0) | 46 (21.5) | .045 |
| SBP, mm/Hg, mean (SD) | 139 (24) | 149 (26) | 154 (28) | 157 (29) | <.001 |
| DBP, mm/Hg, mean (SD) | 83 (13) | 87 (15) | 86 (16) | 88 (14) | .004 |
| Hematocrit, %, mean (SD) | 41.4 (5.0) | 40.7 (7.0) | 40.4 (5.6) | 39.7 (4.8) | .002 |
| White blood cell, 109/L, mean (SD) | 8.0 (3.1) | 8.1 (3.2) | 8.2 (2.9) | 8.0 (3.3) | .741 |
| Platelet, 109/L, mean (SD) (SD) | 230.0 (53.6) | 236.4 (80.2) | 235.8 (70.3) | 236.8 (85.3) | .405 |
| Fasting blood sugar, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 7.3 (3.4) | 7.5 (2.3) | 8.2 (3.2) | 8.2 (3.6) | <.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.9) | .923 |
| Triacylglycerol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 3.0 (2.3) | 3.0 (1.8) | 3.3 (2.1) | 3.0 (1.7) | .806 |
| hsCRP, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 4.1(19.4) | 5.2(13.5) | 6.3(18.4) | 8.9(24.3) | .009 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 90.2 (23.0) | 82.5 (25.8) | 77.3 (25.8) | 76.5 (27.4) | <.001 |
| Severe WMH, n (%) | 7 (3.3) | 24 (11.2) | 23 (10.8) | 47 (22.0) | <.001 |
| Lacune, n (%) | 100 (46.9) | 138 (64.5) | 157 (73.7) | 183 (85.5) | <.001 |
| Deep CMB, n (%) | 41 (19.2) | 65 (30.4) | 67 (31.5) | 86 (40.2) | <.001 |
| Strictly lobar CMB, n (%) | 35 (16.4) | 43 (20.1) | 44 (20.7) | 48 (22.4) | .129 |
| BG PVS, severe, n (%) | 23 (10.8) | 51 (23.8) | 70 (32.9) | 99 (46.3) | <.001 |
| CS PVS, severe, n (%) | 43 (20.2) | 87 (40.7) | 99 (46.5) | 124 (57.9) | <.001 |
| Total SVD score, median (SD) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.93 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.6 (0.9) | <.001 |
The cutoff values of mean baPWV for each quartile were 1,663, 1,985, and 2,355 cm/s. p Value was derived from analysis of variance.
Abbreviations: BG, basal ganglia; BMI, body mass index; CMB, cerebral microbleed; CS, centrum semiovale; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; PVS, perivascular space, SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SVD, small vessel disease; WMH, white matter hyperintensities.