Table 4.

Relationship analysis for diarrhea and individual and community level factors based on Bayesian approach in Ethiopian under-five children in 2016

Fixed effect	Category	Estimates	SE	AOR	95%CrI of AOR		Rhat	Bulk_ ESS	Tail_ ESS
					L-CrI	U-CrI
훽0 intercept*		−5.8	0.7	0.00	0.00	0.01	1	5814	9217
Sex of child	Male (ref)
	Female	−0.11	0.07	0.89	0.78	1.02	1	10,361	5807
Twin	Yes*	0.26	0.07	1.3	1.1	1.5	1	19,613	8366
	No (ref)
Weight of child at birth	Small	−0.19	0.11	0.83	0.67	1.02	1	19,808	14,137
	Average (ref)
	Big*	0.48	0.11	1.63	1.62	2.02	1	20,612	13,727
Birth order	First (ref)
	2–3	−0.36	0.26	0.7	0.43	1.2	1	10,903	11,827
	4–5	− 0.25	0.29	0.78	0.44	1.38	1	10,235	10,907
	= > 6	−0.29	0.3	0.76	0.42	1.35	1	10,209	10,942
Birth interval	= < 23 month	−0.03	0.08	0.97	0.83	1.13	1	20,381	13,298
	= > 24 month (ref)
Age of child	< 1 year (ref)
	= > 1 < 2 year*	0.22	0.08	1.3	1.06	1.47	1	9648	5850
	= > 2 < 3 year	− 0.15	0.09	0.86	0.72	1.03	1	3604	4530
	= > 3 < 4 year*	−0.54	0.1	0.6	0.48	0.71	1	3251	4625
	= > 4 < 5 year	−1.23	0.12	0.3	0.23	0.4	1	3377	4837
Breast feeding	Still breast feed (ref)
	Ever breast feed but not now	−0.09	0.8	0.91	0.78	1.07	1	24,022	13,505
	Never breast feed	−0.27	0.31	0.80	0.42	1.42	1	22,263	12,015
Rota vaccine	vaccinated (ref)
	Not vaccinated*	0.32	0.13	1.44	1.12	1.9	1	9367	6075
Measles’ vaccine	Yes (ref)
	No*	0.2	0.05	1.2	1.1	1.33	1	14,128	6067
Vitamin supplementation	Yes (ref)
	No	−0.12	0.06	0.88	0.78	1.01	1	25,507	14,935
Wealth index	Poor*	.95	0.23	2.6	1.7	4.03	1	16,045	14,275
	Medium	0.09	0.24	1.1	0.68	1.74	1	14,461	14,475
	Rich (ref)
Mothers working status	Working (ref)
	Not working	0.24	0.2	1.3	1.0	1.6	1	8311	5878
Health insurance	Yes (ref)
	No*	0.78	0.27	2.2	1.3	3.8	1	7888	5393
Continuation of above table
Fixed effect	Category	Estimates	SE	AOR	95%CrI of AOR		Rhat	Bulk_ ESS	Tail_ ESS
					L-CrI	U-CrI
Distance to health facility	Not long (ref)
	Long *	1	0.12	2.7	2.2	3.5	1	6206	5558
Mother’s educational level	No formal education (ref)
	Primary	0.1	00.1	1.1	0.8	1.4	1	8748	10,747
	Secondary	0.1	00.3	1.1	0.6	1.9	1	11,355	12,382
	Higher	−0.5	0.36	0.6	0.1	1.3	1	7021	1091
Health insurance	Yes (ref)
	No*	0.78	0.27	2.2	1.3	3.8	1	7888	5393
Distance to health facility	Not long (ref)
	Long *	1	0.12	2.7	2.2	3.5	1	6206	5558
Father’s educational level	No formal education (ref)
	Primary	0.3	0.1	1.3	0.99	1.7	1	9386	12,115
	Secondary	0.25	0.2	1.3	0.8	1.9	1	8416	10,409
	Higher	0.1	0.3	1.1	0.6	2	1	9987	10,442
Household head	Male (ref)
	Female*	−0.22	0.13	0.81	0.61	1.05	1	8669	6074
Media exposure	Yes (ref)
	No	0.27	0.19	1.30	0.89	1.9	1	17,430	14,082
family members	= < 5(ref)
	= > 6*	0.35	0.13	1.41	1.1	1.83	1	7623	5854
No of under five children	= < 2 (ref)
	= > 3*	0.26	0.11	1.3	1.1	1.61	1	9026	5453
Source of drinking water	Improved (ref)
	Not improved	−0.17	0.12	0.84	0.66	1.06	1	19,868	13,216
Child waste disposal	Safe (ref)
	Not safe*	1.44	0.14	4.2	3.2	5.6	1	7238	5718
Type of toilet	Improved (ref)
	Not improved	0.21	0.13	1.23	0.95	1.6	1	18,719	13,886
Random effect
${{\mathit{\sigma }}_{{\mathit{\mu }}_{\mathbf{0}}}}^{\mathbf{2}}$		0.36	0.05		0.25	0.52	1	1500	2913
ICC		0.11			0.10	0.13
LOO		7931
WAIC		7904

(Ref = reference category), (* = significant at 5% level of significance), (SE = standard error), (CrI = credible interval), (L-CrI = lower credible interval), (U-CrI = Upper credible interval)