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. 2021 Jan 8;11:553742. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.553742

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Copyright © 2021 Rosine and Miceli-Richard

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Candidate cells that may contribute to IL-17 production dependent and independent of IL-23 in Spondyloarthritis. Left: Th17 cells contribute to the production of IL-17 through IL-23 dependant pathway for the entheseal and the peripheral involvement of Spondyloarthritis. Right: Innate immune cells may contribute to the production of IL17 through IL-23 but also independently. Several lymphoid cells (MAIT, γδT cells, iNKT, and ILC3) and myeloid cells (neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils) has been identified as potential candidates. The cytokines that could induce this production independently from IL23 are still under investigation.