Table 3.
morbidity and case fatalities of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) by year mean (annual average) both before (2010-2012) and after (2014-2015) start of PVC13 immunization
| Before PCV13 Annual average | After PCV13 Annual average | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALRI cases/N inpatients (%) | ALRI cases/N inpatients (%) | OR (CI=95%) | p-value | ||
| Hospital | CIRIRI | 86/394 (21.8) | 75/556 (13.5) | 0.61 (0.44-0.86) | 0.0049 |
| NYANTENDE | 125/926 (13.5) | 104/1,202 (8.7) | 0.64 (0.48-0.84) | 0.0015 | |
| MITIMURHESA | 83/694 (12.0) | 123/2,033 (6.0) | 0.50 (0.37-0.67) | <0.0001 | |
| PANZI | 43/747 (5.8) | 46/1,114 (4.1) | 0.71 (0.47-1.09) | 0.126 | |
| TOTAL | 336/2,761 (12.2) | 347/4,857 (7.1) | 0.58 (0.50-0.68) | <0.0001 | |
| Sex | Girls | 150/1,344 (11.2) | 172/2,363 (7.3) | 0.65 (0.51-0.82) | 0.0003 |
| Boys | 187/1,417 (13.2) | 175/2,494 (7.0) | 0.53 (0.42-0.66) | <0.0001 | |
| Age (months) | 2-6 | 88/675 (13.0) | 78/1,338 (5.8) | 0.44 (0.32-0.61) | <0.0001 |
| 7-12 | 113/659 (17.1) | 99/1,272 (7.8) | 0.45 (0.34-0.60) | <0.0001 | |
| 13-24 | 75/612 (12.3) | 92/1,056 (8.7) | 0.71 (0.51-0.97) | 0.037 | |
| 25-36 | 31/472 (6.6) | 34/562 (6.0) | 0.92 (0.55-1.52) | 0.74 | |
| 37-59 | 29/344 (8.4) | 45/630 (7.1) | 0.84 (0.52-1.37) | 0.50 | |
| ALRI cases (%) (N=336) | ALRI cases (%) (N=347) | ||||
| Symptoms | Cough or history of coughing | 336 (100) | 347 (100) | 1.03(0.02-52.19) | 0.98 |
| Abnormal auscultation | 336 (100) | 347 (100) | 1.03(0.02-52.19) | 0.98 | |
| Fever or history of fever | 336 (100) | 347 (100) | 1.03(0.02-52.19) | 0.98 | |
| Rapid or difficult breathing | 154 (45.8) | 123 (35.4) | 0.68 (0.50-0.93) | 0.016 | |
| Weakness or fatigue | 250 (74.4) | 250 (72.0) | 0.88 (0.63-1.24) | 0.48 | |
| Diarrhoea or vomiting | 19 (5.7) | 22 (6.3) | 1.12 (0.59-2.12) | 0.70 | |
| Other symptoms a | 18 (5.4) | 10 (2.9) | 0.52 (0.23-1.15) | 0.10 | |
| Nutritional Status | Malnutrition b | 35 (10.4) | 48 (13.8) | 1.38 (0.86-2.19) | 0.17 |
| Congenital diseases c | 3 (0.9) | 6 (1.7) | 1.95 (0.48-7.87) | 0.34 | |
| HIV | 3 (0.9) | 5 (1.4) | 1.62 (0.38-6.82) | 0.50 | |
| ALRI | Non-severe ALRI | 234 (69.6) | 283 (81.6) | 1.92 (1.34-2.75) | 0.0003 |
| Severe ALRI | 103 (30.7) | 64 (18.4) | 0.51 (0.35-0.73) | 0.0002 | |
| Antibiotic used | Ampicillin and gentamicin | 232 (69.0) | 219 (63.1) | 0.76 (0.55-1.05) | 0.10 |
| Ceftriaxone and gentamicin | 88 (26.2) | 114 (32.9) | 1.46 (1.04-2.03) | 0.025 | |
| Ciprofloxacin | 11 (3.3) | 12 (3.5) | 1.05 (0.46-2.43) | 0.89 | |
| Chloramphenicol | 5 (1.5) | 3 (0.9) | 0.55 (0.13-2.43) | 0.45 | |
| Oxygen used | Nasal oxygen | 38 (11.3) | 39 (11.2) | 1.08 (0.67-1.76) | 0.72 |
| Duration of hospital stay (days) | 0-2 days | 16 (4.8) | 21 (6.0) | 1.28 (0.66-2.51) | 0.45 |
| 3-7 days | 174 (51.8) | 183 (52.7) | 1.03 (0.76-1.40) | 0.80 | |
| >8 days | 146 (43.5) | 144 (41.5) | 0.92 (0.68-1.25) | 0.60 | |
| Outcome | Death | 16 (4.8) | 17 (4.9) | 1.06 (0.52-2.13) | 0.86 |
| Pleural effusion | 6 (1.8) | 1 (0.3) | 0.15 (0.02-1.32) | 0.08 | |
| Improved and cured | 320 (95.2) | 330 (95.1) | 0.97 (0.48-1.95) | 0.94 |