Table 1.

Characteristics of participants and estimated ORs from the relative risk model.

Variables	ESCC cases n (%)	Controls n (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)
Age, years
40–49	20 (8.20)	175 (14.34)	1.00	1.00
50–59	66 (27.05)	367 (30.08)	1.57 (0.93–2.68)	1.53 (0.85–2.74)
60–69	124 (50.82)	613 (50.25)	1.77 (1.07–2.92)	1.38 (0.79–2.43)
≥70	34 (13.93)	65 (5.33)	4.58 (2.46–8.52)	2.73 (1.35–5.52)
Sex
Female	84 (34.43)	420 (34.43)	1.00	1.00
Male	160 (65.57)	800 (65.57)	1.00 (0.75–1.34)	0.74 (0.50–1.09)
Tobacco smoking
Non-smokers	149 (61.07)	869 (71.23)	1.00	1.00
Smokers	95 (38.93)	351 (28.77)	1.58 (1.19–2.10)	1.27 (0.87–1.87)
Alcohol drinking
Non-drinkers	188 (77.05)	1125 (92.21)	1.00	1.00
Drinkers	56 (22.95)	95 (7.79)	3.53 (2.45–5.08)	3.75 (2.39–5.88)
Education, years
≤6	75 (30.74)	675 (55.33)	1.00	1.00
>6	169 (69.26)	545 (44.67)	0.36 (0.27–0.48)	0.38 (0.27–0.54)
Hot food, times/week
<2	170 (69.67)	1074 (88.03)	1.00	1.00
≥2	74 (30.33)	146 (11.97)	3.20 (2.32–4.42)	2.72 (1.90–3.90)
Pickled/salted food, times/week
<2	207 (84.84)	1144 (93.77)	1.00	1.00
≥2	37 (15.16)	76 (6.23)	2.69 (1.77–4.09)	2.45 (1.50–3.99)
Fresh fruit, times/week
<2	184 (75.41)	505 (41.39)	1.00	1.00
≥2	60 (24.59)	715 (58.61)	0.23 (0.17–0.32)	0.25 (0.18–0.34)
Family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer
No	171 (70.08)	960 (78.69)	1.00	–
Yes	73 (29.92)	260 (21.31)	1.58 (1.16–2.14)	–
History of upper gastrointestinal disease
No	207 (84.84)	1099 (90.08)	1.00	–
Yes	37 (15.16)	121 (9.92)	1.62 (1.09–2.42)	–
Stage, n (%)
I	50 (20.49)	–	–	–
II	118(48.36)	–	–	–
III	68(27.87)	–	–	–
IV	8(3.28)	–	–	–

ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^*Adjusted for age, sex and other variables in the model.

Detailed information on variables was shown in Supplementary data.