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. 2021 Jan 8;11:548812. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.548812

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of IL-1β and IL-18 on osteoclastic formation. IL-1β and IL-18 released during pyroptosis facilitate osteoclastic formation in various ways. IL-1β and IL-18 can both act on T lymphocytes to upregulate the production of RANKL. Furthermore, IL-1β also participates in TNF-α mediated osteoclastogenesis, as well as facilitates the production of M-CSF by bone stromal cells. RANKL, TNF-α, and M-CSF bind to corresponding receptors respectively on hematopoietic stem cells to promote its differentiation into osteoclasts. Unlike IL-1β, IL-18 can increase the production of IFN-γ by T lymphocytes, which has dual effects on osteoclastic differentiation. Moreover, IL-18 can also upregulate the production of IL-17. Either IL-17 or IL-1β can induce the transdifferentiation of dendritic cells into osteoclasts.