Table 1.
Publicized studies of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors, monotherapy and combinational therapy, in HCC, displaying results and adverse events.
| Pathway | Drug | Study Name/Phase | Setting | n | ORR | Result | Grade 3/4 AEs | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-1 | Nivolumab | CheckMate 040 Phase 1/2 CheckMate 459 Phase 3 |
First-line First-line |
214 743 |
20% 15% |
Positive Negative |
25% 22% |
[31] [32] |
| Pembrolizumab | Keynote-224 Phase 2 Keynote-240 Phase 3 |
Non-comparative Second-line |
104 413 |
18% 18% |
Positive Negative |
24% 19% |
[33] [34] |
|
| Tislelizumab | Phase 1a/1b | First in-human trial | 207 | 12% | Positive | 18% | [35] | |
| Camrelizumab | Phase 2 | Second-line | 217 | 15% | Positive | 22% | [37] | |
| Sintilimab | Phase 1b | Second-line | 50 | 26% | Positive | 12% | [40] | |
| Spartalizumab | Phase 1 | First in-human trial | 58 | 3% | N/A | N/A | [46] | |
| PD-L1 | Atezolizumab | GO30140 Phase 1b IMbrave150 Phase 3 |
Monotherapy And + bevacizumab in advanced HCC + bevacizumab in first-line treatment |
59 104 501 |
17% 36% N/A |
Positive Positive Positive |
5% 42% 57% |
[44] [44] [45] |
| Durvalumab | Phase 1/2 | HCC subgroup | 50 | 10% | Positive | 20% | [49] | |
| Avelumab | Phase 1b | +axitinib | 22 | 14% | Positive | 73% | [50] | |
| CTLA-4 | Ipilimumab | Checkmate 040 Phase 1/2 |
+nivolumab | N/A | 31% | Positive | N/A | [31] |
| Tremelimumab | Study-22 Phase 2 |
Dose finding study | 332 | 24% | Positive | 16% | [47] |
Legend: AEs: Adverse Events; HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; ORR: Objective Response Rate; VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.