Table 1.
Characteristic of European middle and older adults, overall and by country [%(n)—X ± SD].
| All (n = 629) | Spain (n = 145) | Latvia (n = 152) | Ireland (n = 127) | Italy (n = 103) | Finland (n = 102) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex (vs. women) | 37.20 (234) | 40.00 (58) | 45.39 (69) | 29.13 (37) | 42.72 (44) | 25.49 (26) |
| Age | 65.41 ± 8.54 | 66.04 ± 9.58 | 64.00 ± 9.96 | 66.25 ± 6.56 | 64.08 ± 8.30 | 66.94 ± 6.54 |
| ≤65 years old (vs. >65 years old) | 47.69 (300) | 42.76 (62) | 55.92 (85) | 44.09 (56) | 53.40 (55) | 41.18 (42) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.02 ± 4.46 | 28.52 ± 3.71 | 27.13 ± 4.96 | 26.98 ± 4.84 | 25.96 ± 3.56 | 25.86 ± 4.43 |
| Normal-weight or overweight (vs. obese) | 78.22 (492) | 69.66 (101) | 76.32 (116) | 76.38 (97) | 89.32 (92) | 84.31 (86) |
| MPA over 50th percentile (vs. less than 50th percentile) | 49.11 (303) | 46.53 (67) | 50.00 (75) | 59.50 (72) | 41.58 (42) | 46.53 (47) |
| VPA over 50th percentile (vs. less than 50th percentile) | 35.43 (214) | 27.08 (39) | 26.17 (39) | 48.72 (57) | 25.74 (26) | 56.99 (53) |
| MVPA over recommendation of 300 min/week (vs. less than) | 78.25 (464) | 82.52 (118) | 72.79 (107) | 81.98 (91) | 71.72 (71) | 82.80 (77) |
| Sedentary activity over 50th percentile (vs. less than 50th percentile) | 41.06 (255) | 54.48 (79) | 55.70 (83) | 27.56 (35) | 43.69 (45) | 13.40 (13) |
| Low muscle strength by HG (vs. high) | 4.82 (30) | 8.97 (13) | 4.64 (7) | 5.69 (7) | 2.91 (3) | 0.00 (0) |
| Low muscle strength by chair stand test (vs. high) | 7.40 (46) | 15.49 (22) | 6.04 (9) | 0.79 (1) | 6.86 (7) | 6.86 (7) |
| Low muscle quantity by muscle mass (vs. high) | 27.63 (171) | 40.28 (58) | 5.37 (8) | 31.97 (39) | 29.41 (30) | 35.29 (36) |
| Low functional performance by gait speed (vs. high) | 13.57 (84) | 20.86 (29) | 18.00 (27) | 1.57 (2) | 20.39 (21) | 5.00 (5) |
| Low functional performance by TUG (vs. high) | 0.16 (1) | 0.70 (1) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) |
| Low functional performance by SPPB (vs. high) | 4.70 (28) | 8.89 (12) | 9.52 (14) | 9.52 (14) | 1.96 (2) | 0.00 (0) |
| Have at least one criterion for sarcopenia by European Consensus | 20.24 (117) | 29.32 (39) | 21.83 (31) | 10.28 (11) | 25.00 (25) | 11.46 (11) |
| AMedDiet (vs. no AMedDiet) | 34.45 (216) | 69.44 (100) | 9.21 (14) | 26.77 (34) | 45.63 (47) | 20.79 (21) |
| >1 portion/day of red meat, hamburgers, sausages or cold cuts (portion: 100–150 g) (vs. <1 portion) | 51.83 (325) | 20.83 (30) | 77.63 (118) | 65.35 (83) | 39.81 (41) | 52.48 (53) |
| ≥3 portion of legumes per week (portion: 150 g) (vs. <3 portion) | 21.05 (132) | 34.72 (50) | 7.24 (11) | 30.71 (39) | 25.24 (26) | 5.94 (6) |
| ≥3 portion of fish or shellfish per week (portion: 100–150 g of fish; 200 g of Shellfish) (vs. <3 portion) | 24.08 (151) | 46.53 (67) | 7.24 (11) | 24.41 (31) | 15.53 (16) | 25.74 (26) |
| Preferential consumption of rabbit/chicken/turkey instead of beef/pork/hamburgers/sausages (vs. no preferential) | 72.25 (453) | 81.94 (118) | 54.61 (83) | 78.74 (100) | 66.02 (68) | 83.17 (84) |
% = percentage; AMedDiet = adherence to Mediterranean diet; BMI = body mass index; DS = standard deviation; g = grams; HG = handgrip strength; kg = kilograms; m = meter; MPA = moderate physical activity; MVPA = moderate to vigorous physical activity; n = number of sample; SPPB = short physical performance battery; TUG = timed-up and go test; VPA = vigorous physical activity; X = mean.