Figure 1.

Structural view of the ligand-binding pocket of S. cerevisiae SDM (sterol 14-alpha demethylase) with the azole inhibitor short-tailed VCZ (voriconazole) and the long-tailed ITC (itraconazole) overlaid. The triazole of each drug is the 5th ligand of the heme iron (large red ball) and C470 is the 6th ligand. AA (amino acid) residues important for azole binding and/or azole resistance discussed in this review are shown with their carbons in light green. A list of this AAs is given in Supplementary Table S3. Relevant structural features, including the heme porphyrin, are given in green. Water-mediated hydrogen bond networks important for the binding of VCZ in the active site and ITC in the substrate entry channel are shown as yellow dashes.