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. 2021 Jan 18;14:241–256. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S291828

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© 2021 Mohd Ramli et al.

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The beneficial effects of honey on MetS and bone health.

Abbreviations: ↑, increase or upregulate; ↓, decrease or downregulate; →, promote or induce; ┬, inhibit or prevent; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins; CART, cocaine amphetamine-regulated transcript; CAT, catalase; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GST, glutathione-S-transferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IL-6, interleukin-6; M-CSF, macrophage-colony stimulating factor; MDA, malondialdehyde; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; NO, nitric oxide; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Runx-2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-alpha; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein.