Table 3.
Associations Between Having a Native-Born Partner and Smoking During Pregnancy Among Immigrant Women, by Maternal Birthplace, Swedish Pregnancies, 1991–2012
| Partner’s birthplace | Swedish-born partner vs. same as woman’s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women’s birthplace | Same as woman’s | Swedish born | ||||
| N | Smoking (%) | N | Smoking (%) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI)a | |
| Other Nordic countries (n = 38 690) | 8701 | 23.2 | 29 989 | 18.7 | 0.76 (0.72, 0.81) | 0.72 (0.67, 0.76) |
| Former Yugoslavia (n = 41 410) | 36 806 | 18.7 | 4604 | 15.1 | 0.78 (0.71, 0.84) | 0.85 (0.78, 0.93) |
| Eastern Europe (n = 27 007) | 13 893 | 12.8 | 13 114 | 10.3 | 0.79 (0.73, 0.85) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) |
| Middle East (n = 97 038) | 90 820 | 7.5 | 6218 | 9.3 | 1.26 (1.16, 1.38) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.31) |
| Western Europe (n = 15 524) | 4479 | 6.8 | 11 045 | 8.2 | 1.23 (1.07, 1.40) | 1.04 (0.63, 1.72) |
| Latin America (n = 18 577) | 7419 | 6.5 | 11 158 | 5.8 | 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) | 1.17 (1.02, 1.35) |
| United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel (n = 4217) | 447 | 3.8 | 3770 | 6.6 | 1.80 (1.09, 2.97) | 1.31 (0.77, 2.24) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 8697) | 6029 | 1.9 | 2668 | 7.7 | 4.30 (3.41, 5.43) | 3.93 (2.99, 5.17) |
| East Africa (n = 25 413) | 24 358 | 1.7 | 1055 | 11.6 | 7.54 (6.10, 9.33) | 4.74 (3.56, 6.31) |
| North Africa (n = 6641) | 5976 | 1.6 | 665 | 7.7 | 5.25 (3.70, 7.47) | 3.97 (2.57, 6.13) |
| Asia (n = 41 763) | 14 962 | 1.3 | 26 801 | 6.8 | 5.64 (4.85, 6.55) | 5.88 (4.98, 6.94) |
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
aAdjusted for maternal age groups, paternal age, household income (quintiles), rural residence, cohabitation status, parity, year of arrival to Sweden, and age at arrival to Sweden.