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. 2020 Dec 23;19(1):1. doi: 10.3390/md19010001

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effects of 4-PSB-2 on oAβ1-42-induced expression of inflammatory markers in ARPE-19 cells. (A) The illustrated protocols of ARPE-19 cells added with 4-PSB-2 and/or oAβ1-42. The ARPE-19 cells were cultured for a total of 48 h. For the control group, 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added only. Twenty-five micromolars of 4-PSB-2 was added after the cells cultured for 24 h (from 24 h to 48 h) to test drug-only effects. To test the effects of 4-PSB-2 on the oAβ1-42-induced inflammatory response, in the cell cultures treated with 10 µM oAβ1-42, 25 µM of 4-PSB-2 was added from 24 h to 48 h. Fluorescence immunocytochemical staining and Western blot analysis of (B–D) TNF-α, (E–G) COX-2, and (H–J) iNOS expressions were significantly increased in oAβ1-42-treated ARPE-19 cells and decreased after 4-PSB-2 administration for 24 h. The results are plotted as means ± SEMs. * indicates p ≤ 0.05, and ** indicates p ≤ 0.001 between the groups. TNF-α (red), COX-2 and iNOS (green), and DAPI (blue) (nuclei), Bar = 100 µm.