Figure 1.

The research trend of the published papers related to electrically responsive membranes (ERMs) as of 15 October 2020: (a) annual publications of ERM papers based on Scopus database, and (b) article-type-based distribution (research vs. review). (c) Materials used for designing ERMs in previous studies. The list of the research articles was obtained by searching with keywords “(‘electrically conductive’ or ‘electrically responsive’ or ‘electro-conductive’ or ‘electro-active’ or ‘electro-responsive’) and ‘membrane’ and ‘water purification’” in Scopus, then manually removing unrelated articles.