Table 4.

Studies demonstrating use of microparticulate system in the management of periodontal disease in the past 10 years.

Drug Delivery System Employed	Author, Year, and Ref. No.	Drug Used	Trade Name of the Drug If Mentioned	Treatment Design	No. of Subjects in the Study	Duration of the Study	Major Outcome of the Study
DOX MC	Moura L.A. et al. [57] (2015)	Locally delivered DOX by poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) MC	Not mentioned	Pilot study	19 periodontal pockets	20	On the 20th day of evaluation, the researchers found a significant reduction in the concentration of drug in the GCF (19.69 ± 4.70 μg/mL). The DOX delivery system demonstrated a significantly good outcome in the patients with chronic periodontitis.
	Rao S.K. et al. [58] (2012)	DOX MC	Not mentioned	Parallel, single-blind, randomized, prospective study	14	180	DOX MC significantly led to improvement of clinical parameters and reduced P. gingivalis levels in the periodontal pocket.
	Gad H.A. et al. [59] (2017)	SLMs encapsulating DOX hydrochloride (DH) and MTZ	Not applicable since the gel was formulated in their pharmacy.	In-vitro and in-vivo clinical split mouth design study	12	14	Results revealed that the SLMs were safe to use and there was significant improvement in both microbiological and clinical parameters as compared to SRD alone.
MIN MC	Bland P.S. et al. [60] (2010)	MIN hydrochloride MC	Not mentioned	Multicenter, single-blind, randomized, parallel group, phase IV study.	127	30	Treatment using MIN MC greatly reduced the number of red complex bacteria and PPD significantly.
	Chiappe V.B. et al. [61] (2015)	MIN microgranules	Not mentioned	Randomized clinical and microbiological trial.	26	90	Results of this investigation revealed that MIN MC adjunct to SRD resulted in greater reduction of BOP and PD, higher CAL gain and decrease in the number of red complex bacteria, increased probability of Pg suppression and retarded recolonization of Treponema denticola when compared to SRD alone
	Srirangarajan S. et al. [62] (2011)	MIN MC and Commercially available MIN gel.	Atridox, Atrix Laboratories, Fort Collins, CO.	Randomized, split-mouth, single-masked study.	50	270	MC had a more sustained release and the initial drug concentration at the local site was high. There was also significant improvement in the PI and GI.
	Tabenski L. et al. [63] (2017)	aPDT and Local application of MIN MC	aPDT; Helbo® Photodynamic Systems) and Local application of MIN MC (MC; Arestin, OraPharma)	RCT	45	365	Neither of the systems showed any significant additional benefit in the management of periodontal disease.