Figure 1.

Variable architecture of biofilms. (A) Biofilms of five species (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) were formed under static conditions on abiotic surfaces during 24 h and were stained with Syto9, a green fluorescent nucleic acid marker. Reprinted from [51] with permission from Elsevier. (B) Strains of Neisseria meningitidis HB-1 and α153 and derivatives, which do or do not produce the autotransporters AutA and AutB (as indicated), formed biofilms under flow conditions during 14 h and were stained with the LIVE/DEAD Backlight bacterial viability stain (where red cells are dead and green cells are live). Reproduced from [52,53].