Table 2.
Comparison of fatty acid acylcarnitines between responders and non-responders. Acylcarnitines profile of responders (n = 12) and non-responders (n = 10). Group differences were analyzed by conducting generalized estimating equation (GEE) after adjusting confounding effect of anticonvulsants. R: responders; NR: non-responders.
| Time (Month) | β | SE | p | Time (Month) | β | SE | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BHB | 0 | 0.37 | 0.87 | 0.673 | C6-DC carnitine | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.102 |
| 3 | 0.31 | 0.57 | 0.588 | 3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.324 | ||
| 6 | 1.43 | 0.64 | 0.025 * | 6 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.031 * | ||
| 9 | −0.65 | 0.74 | 0.384 | 9 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.275 | ||
| 12 | −0.06 | 0.77 | 0.934 | 12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.465 | ||
| Free carnitine | 0 | −7.85 | 3.73 | 0.035 * | C8 carnitine | 0 | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.657 |
| 3 | −11.84 | 4.05 | 0.003 *** | 3 | −0.07 | 0.07 | 0.333 | ||
| 6 | −15.94 | 4.18 | 0.000 **** | 6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.405 | ||
| 9 | −6.77 | 3.58 | 0.059 | 9 | −0.06 | 0.01 | 0.000 **** | ||
| 12 | −8.59 | 3.11 | 0.006 ** | 12 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.230 | ||
| C2 carnitine | 0 | −8.95 | 3.29 | 0.006 ** | C10 carnitine | 0 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.688 |
| 3 | −9.67 | 3.84 | 0.012 * | 3 | −0.06 | 0.05 | 0.240 | ||
| 6 | −2.65 | 4.50 | 0.556 | 6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.333 | ||
| 9 | −1.60 | 4.96 | 0.747 | 9 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.000 **** | ||
| 12 | 1.464 | 5.3079 | 0.783 | 12 | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.112 | ||
| C3 carnitine | 0 | −1.28 | 0.60 | 0.032 * | C10:1 carnitine | 0 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.664 |
| 3 | −1.68 | 0.34 | 0.000 **** | 3 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.355 | ||
| 6 | −1.80 | 0.30 | 0.000 **** | 6 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.144 | ||
| 9 | −1.12 | 0.51 | 0.027 * | 9 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 0.000 **** | ||
| 12 | −0.98 | 0.43 | 0.022 * | 12 | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.253 | ||
| C4 carnitine | 0 | −0.05 | 0.06 | 0.456 | C8/C10 carnitine | 0 | −0.04 | 0.17 | 0.817 |
| 3 | −0.21 | 0.06 | 0.000 **** | 3 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.628 | ||
| 6 | −0.14 | 0.06 | 0.028 * | 6 | −0.02 | 0.11 | 0.846 | ||
| 9 | −0.10 | 0.06 | 0.084 | 9 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.575 | ||
| 12 | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.547 | 12 | −0.01 | 0.12 | 0.949 | ||
| C4:OH carnitine | 0 | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.033 * | C12 carnitine | 0 | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.337 |
| 3 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.617 | 3 | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.027 * | ||
| 6 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.404 | 6 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.151 | ||
| 9 | −0.07 | 0.08 | 0.379 | 9 | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.055 | ||
| 12 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.409 | 12 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.560 | ||
| C4-DC carnitine | 0 | −0.15 | 0.09 | 0.108 | C14 carnitine | 0 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.022 * |
| 3 | −0.16 | 0.08 | 0.043 * | 3 | −0.11 | 0.08 | 0.146 | ||
| 6 | −0.06 | 0.10 | 0.500 | 6 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.007 ** | ||
| 9 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.550 | 9 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.016 * | ||
| 12 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.712 | 12 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.979 | ||
| C5 carnitine | 0 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.592 | C14:1 carnitine | 0 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.000 **** |
| 3 | −0.09 | 0.02 | 0.000 **** | 3 | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.022 * | ||
| 6 | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.000 **** | 6 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.911 | ||
| 9 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.002 *** | 9 | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.009 ** | ||
| 12 | −0.04 | 0.01 | 0.002 *** | 12 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.564 | ||
| C5:1 carnitine | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.275 | C14:2 carnitine | 0 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.896 |
| 3 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.013 * | 3 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.153 | ||
| 6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.401 | 6 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.831 | ||
| 9 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.001 *** | 9 | −0.03 | 0.01 | 0.003 *** | ||
| 12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.504 | 12 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.761 | ||
| C5:OH carnitine | 0 | −0.08 | 0.09 | 0.371 | C16 carnitine | 0 | −0.70 | 0.25 | 0.005 ** |
| 3 | −0.12 | 0.04 | 0.006 ** | 3 | −1.08 | 0.35 | 0.002 *** | ||
| 6 | −0.10 | 0.05 | 0.062 | 6 | −0.83 | 0.23 | 0.000 **** | ||
| 9 | −0.11 | 0.04 | 0.012 * | 9 | −0.62 | 0.21 | 0.003 *** | ||
| 12 | −0.11 | 0.09 | 0.224 | 12 | −0.39 | 0.16 | 0.013 * | ||
| C5-DC carnitine | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.055 | C16:1 carnitine | 0 | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.011 * |
| 3 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.003 *** | 3 | −0.07 | 0.01 | 0.000 **** | ||
| 6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.232 | 6 | −0.05 | 0.02 | 0.014 * | ||
| 9 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.011 * | 9 | −0.05 | 0.03 | 0.059 | ||
| 12 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.005 *** | 12 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.235 | ||
| C6 carnitine | 0 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.620 | C18 carnitine | 0 | −0.47 | 0.08 | 0.000 **** |
| 3 | −0.09 | 0.06 | 0.152 | 3 | −0.50 | 0.30 | 0.093 | ||
| 6 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.000 **** | 6 | −0.51 | 0.18 | 0.004 *** | ||
| 9 | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.031 * | 9 | −0.29 | 0.11 | 0.006 ** | ||
| 12 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.836 | 12 | −0.22 | 0.16 | 0.168 |
β: regression weight; SE: Standard error; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.05, **** p < 0.001.