Table 3. Risk factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis among reproductive aged individuals in Tiko.
| Variable | Category | S. haematobium Positive % (n) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | #Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 35.2 (62) | 2.81 (1.84–4.30) | 2.60 (1.54–4.40) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 16.2 (54) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Age group(years) | 15–20 | 45.9 (50) | 5.08 (2.72–9.50) | 5.13 (1.35–19.42) | 0.016 |
| 21–30 | 17.5 (20) | 1.28 (0.64–2.56) | 1.50 (0.58–3.86) | 0.403 | |
| 31–40 | 17.5 (28) | 1.27 (0.67–2.42) | 2.37 (1.08–5.18) | 0.031 | |
| 41–71 | 14.3 (18) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Educational level | At least secondary | 26.7 (79) | 1.73 (1.12–2.68) | 1.18 (0.62–2.25) | 0.616 |
| At least primary | 17.4 (37) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Marital status | Single | 31.7 (73) | 2.55 (1.66–3.91) | 0.77 (0.37–1.60) | 0.482 |
| Married | 15.4 (43) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Occupation | Student | 41.9 (49) | 5.58 (2.95–10.56) | 1.95 (0.53–7.18) | 0.316 |
| Farming | 21.8 (26) | 2.17 (1.10–4.27) | 1.73 (0.75–3.96) | 0.195 | |
| Business | 18.8 (25) | 1.79 (0.91–3.54) | 1.60 (0.68–3.77) | 0.281 | |
| Salary earner | 11.4 (16) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Awareness | Aware | 27.8 (45) | 1.49 (0.97–2.30) | 1.73 (1.02–2.95) | 0.043 |
| Not aware | 20.5 (71) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Distance from stream (metres) | ≤ 100 | 27.7 (91) | 2.37 (1.46–3.86) | 1.19 (0.63–2.26) | 0.584 |
| ˃ 100 | 13.9 (25) | 1.00 | |||
| Degree of water contact | Higha | 37.8 (54) | 1.67 (1.05–2.65) | 1.23 (0.71–2.12) | 0.455 |
| Lowb | 26.7 (52) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio, #OR = adjusted OR using multivariate regression analysis
a activities include; bathing, laundry and washing of motorbike and increased frequency to stream (≥ Thrice/week).
b activities include; fetch water and farming and reduced frequency to stream (< thrice/week).