Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Trials | Study design | Year of study | No. of patients | Study population | Lost to F/U | Age | Female % | Smoking history | DM | HTN | HLD | Prior ACS/MI | Prior CHF | Prior PCI | Prior CABG | CRP (mg/L) | IL-6 (mg/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APEX AMI [28] | RCT | 2007 | 2860 (T) | STEMI (100) | 6 (0.2) | 61 (51-71) | 691 (24.2) | 1226 (42.9) | 446 (15.6) | 340 (11.9) | 105 (3.7) | 278 (9.7) | 60 (2.1) | ||||
| 2885 (P) | STEMI (100) | 9 (0.3) | 61 (52-71) | 634 (22.0) | 1252 (43.6) | 467 (16.2) | 354 (12.3) | 103 (3.6) | 284 (9.9) | 68 (2.4) | |||||||
| COMMA [16] | RCT | 2003 | 262 (T) | STEMI (100) | 3 (1.1) | 58 (50 to 72) | 24% | 37% | 20% | 64% | 16% | 9% | |||||
| 242 (P) | STEMI (100) | 4 (1.7) | 61 (51 to 70) | 24% | 40% | 21% | 61% | 17% | 9% | ||||||||
| COMPLY [16] | RCT | 2003 | 309 (T) | STEMI (100) | 0 | 62 (52 to 70) | 28% | 40% | 14% | 59% | 22% | 13% | |||||
| 307 (P) | STEMI (100) | 1 (0.3) | 60 (52 to 70) | 33% | 42% | 16% | 56% | 17% | 8.50% | ||||||||
| PRIMO CABG [32] | RCT | 2006 | 1553 (T) | CABG w/wo concurrent valve surgery (100) | 7 | 65.1 (10.2)∗ | 440 (28.3) | 376 (24.2) | 1103 (71.0) | 599 (38.6) | 245 (15.8) | 101 (6.5) | 133 (8.6) | ||||
| 1546 (P) | CABG w/wo concurrent valve surgery (100) | 10 | 65.3 (10.3)∗ | 391 (25.3) | 373 (24.1) | 1104 (71.4) | 624 (40.4) | 219 (14.2) | 109 (7.1) | 128 (8.3) | |||||||
| PRIMO CABG II [31] | RCT | 2010 | 2142 (T) | CABG w/wo concurrent valve surgery (100) | 18 (0.8) | 66.2 (31–91) ∗ | 839 (39.2) | 1298 (60.6) | 838 (39.1) | 228 (10.6) | |||||||
| 2112 (P) | CABG w/wo concurrent valve surgery (100) | 19 (0.9) | 66.2 (35–90)∗ | 852 (40.3) | 1246 (59.0) | 843 (40.0) | 199 (9.4) | ||||||||||
| Pexelizumab study investigators [30] | RCT | 2004 | 300 (T) | CABG w/wo concurrent valve surgery (100) | NA | ||||||||||||
| 306 (P) | CABG w/wo concurrent valve surgery (100) | NA | |||||||||||||||
| MRC-ILA Heart Study [35] | RCT | 2015 | 98 (T) | NSTEMI (100) | 2(2.0) | 61.4 (11.7)∗ | 35 (32.3) | 34 (36.6) | 15 (15) | 31 (33.3) | 27 (29.0) | 23 (24.7) | 5.38 (4.12, 7.04) | 6.01 (4.68, 7.72) | |||
| 89 (P) | NSTEMI (100) | 0 | 61.3 (12.3)∗ | 22(34.7) | 31 (34.8) | 8 (9) | 29 (32.6) | 28 (31.5) | 24 (27.0) | 5.21 (3.75, 7.22) | 5.23 (3.98, 6.88) | ||||||
| VCU-ART 1&2 [33] | RCT | 2015 | 20 (T) | STEMI (100) | 0 | 57 (48-60) | 8 (40) | 12 (60) | 5 (25) | 12 (60) | 14 (70) | ||||||
| 20 (P) | STEMI (100) | 0 | 58 (51-65) | 2 (10) | 14 (70) | 4 (20) | 14 (70) | 13 (65) | |||||||||
| VCU-ART 3 [34] | RCT | 2020 | 33 (T) | STEMI (100) | 0 | 53 (49-62) | 9 (27) | 6 (18) | 13 (39) | ||||||||
| 35 (P) | STEMI (100) | 0 | 56 (51-65) | 5 (14) | 15 (43) | 23 (66) | |||||||||||
| LODOCO [36] | RCT | 2010 | 282 (T) | Stable Coronary Heart Disease (100) | 0 | 66 ± 9.6 | 31 (11) | 10 (4) | 92 (33) | 64 (23) | 169 (60) | 62 (22) | |||||
| 250 (P) | Stable Coronary Heart Disease (100) | 0 | 67 ± 9.2 | 28 (11) | 14 (6) | 69 (28) | 61 (24) | 138 (55) | 39 (16) | ||||||||
| COLCOT [37] | RCT | 2019 | 2366 (T) | STEMI (NA), NSTEMI (NA) | 39 (1.6) | 60.6 ± 10.7 | 472 (19.9) | 708/2366 (29.9) | 462 (19.5) | 1185 (50.1) | 370 (15.6) | 48 (2.0) | 392 (16.6) | 69 (2.9) | |||
| 2379 (P) | STEMI (NA), NSTEMI (NA) | 50 (2.1) | 60.5 ± 10.6 | 437 (18.4) | 708/2377 (29.8) | 497 (20.9) | 1236 (52.0) | 397 (16.7) | 42 (1.8) | 406 (17.1) | 81 (3.4) | ||||||
| SOLID TIMI 52 [38] | RCT | 2014 | 6504 (T) | STEMI (46.1), NSTEMI (41.6) and UA (12.2) | 43 (0.7) | 64 (59-70) | 1657 (25.5) | 1227/6501 (18.9) | 2275 (35.0) | 4793 (73.7) | 4191 (64.5) | 2013 (31.0) | 1532 (23.6) | ||||
| 6522 (P) | STEMI (44.2), NSTEMI (43.7), UA (12.1) | 41 (0.6) | 64 (59-71) | 1669 (25.6) | 1245/6513 (19.1) | 2227 (34.1) | 4762 (73.0) | 4165 (63.9) | 2033 (31.2) | 1580 (24.2) | |||||||
| STABILITY [39] | RCT | 2014 | 7924 (T) | Stable Coronary Heart Disease (100) | 80 (1.0) | 65.0 (59.0–71.0) | 1461 (18.4) | 1572 (19.8) | 2664 (33.6) | 4681 (59.1) | 3987 (50.3) | 2644 (33.4) | |||||
| 7904 (P) | Stable Coronary Heart Disease (100) | 69 (0.9) | 65.0 (59.0–71.0) | 1506 (19.1) | 1656 (21.0) | 2687 (34.0) | 4642 (58.7) | 3978 (50.3) | 2592 (32.8) | ||||||||
| FRANCIS [41] | RCT | 2010 | 313 (T) | STEMI (42.2), NSTEMI (36.4), UA (21.4) | 6 (1.9) | 58.5 ± 10.3∗ | 26.5 | 73 (23.3) | 84 (26.8) | 271 (86.6) | 120 (38.3) | 97 (31.0) | 12.0 (0–222) | 5.22 (2.79–12.10) | |||
| 311 (P) | STEMI (40.8), NSTEMI (33.4), UA (25.7) | 3 (1.0) | 59.6 ± 10.5∗ | 24.1 | 68 (21.9) | 87 (28.0) | 274 (88.1) | 109 (35.0) | 66 (21.2) | 9.9 (0–377) | 5.16 (2.69–10.94) | ||||||
| VISTA-16 [40] | RCT | 2014 | 2572 (T) | STEMI (47.4), NSTEMI (37.4), UA (15.3) | 26 (1.0) | 61.0 (10.0)∗ | 691 (26.9) | 854 (33.4) | 801 (31.3) | 1911 (75.2) | 1255 (49.3) | 769 (30.2) | 453 (17.7) | 161 (6.3) | 11.4 (4.5-33.0) | ||
| 2573 (P) | STEMI (46.9), NSTEMI (38.0), UA (15.1) | 32 (1.2) | 60.7 (9.8)∗ | 660 (25.7) | 860 (33.6) | 803 (31.3) | 1977 (77.8) | 1292 (50.9) | 743 (29.6) | 476 (18.6) | 182 (7.1) | 10.4 (4.0-28.7) | |||||
| CANTOS [17] | RCT | 2017 | 2263 (T) | STEMI (53.6), NSTEMI (33.6), unknown type of missing data (12.8) | 4 (0.2) | 61.1 ± 10.1 | 606 (26.8) | 536 (23.7) | 888 (39.2) | 1799 (79.5) | 523 (23.1) | 1509 (66.7) | 316 (14) | 4.15 (2.85-7.15) | 2.59 (1.79-4.08) | ||
| 3344 (P) | STEMI (54.0), NSTEMI (33.9), unknown type of missing data (12.1) | 9 (0.3) | 61.1 ± 10 | 865 (25.9) | 765 (22.9) | 1333 (39.9) | 2644 (79.1) | 721 (21.6) | 2192 (65.6) | 469 (14) | 41.1 (2.75-6.85) | 2.61 (1.8-4.06) | |||||
| SELECT-CABG [42] | RCT | 2016 | 148 (T) | CABG (100) | NA | 62.1 ± 9.2 | 16(10.8) | ||||||||||
| 144 (P) | CABG (100) | NA | 62.8 ± 8.2 | 15(10.4) | |||||||||||||
| LATITUDE TIMI-60 [43] | RCT | 2016 | 1731 (T) | STEMI (25.0), NSTEMI (75.0) | NA | 66 (61-74) | 500 (28.9) | 464 (26.8) | 582 (33.6) | 1268 (73.3) | 985 (56.9) | 425 (24.6) | 206 (11.9) | 412 (23.8) | 154 (8.9) | 3.6 (1.7-9.6) | |
| 1758 (P) | STEMI (24.6), NSTEMI (75.4) | NA | 67 (61-73) | 532 (30.3) | 449 (25.6) | 586 (33.3) | 1276 (72.6) | 936 (53.2) | 426 (24.2) | 216 (12.3) | 410 (23.3) | 137 (7.8) | 3.7 (1.7-9.9) | ||||
| SOLSTICE 3 | RCT | 2012 | 192 (T) | NSTEMI (100) | 3 | 63 (57–73) | 57 (30) | 56 (29) | 59 (31) | 136 (71) | 115 (60) | 46 (24) | 16 (8) | 55 (29) | 21 (11) | 37.1 (16.2-83.8) | 5.3 (2.9-8.6) |
| 135 (P) | NSTEMI (100) | 0 | 64 (56–71) | 40 (30) | 46 (34) | 37 (27) | 97 (72) | 74 (55) | 33 (17) | 6 (4) | 21 (16) | 11 (8) | 33.3 (13.3-102.9) | 4.8 (2.8-9.8) | |||
Studies with subgroup analysis. ∗ denotes mean (SD); otherwise, they are number (percentage). Range values are median (interquartile range). SD: standard deviation; NA: not available; T: treatment group; P: placebo group.