Table 3.
Results of the best evidence synthesis.
| Mode of adherence tele-feedback and quality | Statistically significanta | Level of evidence | |
| Monitoring device |
|
Conflicting evidence | |
|
|
9 HQb interventions | +, +, +, +, –, –, –, –, – |
|
| 0 LQc interventions |
|
||
| SMS text messaging or IVRd |
|
Strong evidence for a positive effect | |
|
|
5 HQ interventions | +, +, +, +, – |
|
| 0 LQ interventions |
|
||
| Mobile app |
|
Strong evidence for a positive effect | |
| 3 HQ interventions | +, +, + |
|
|
| 3 LQ interventions | +, –, – | ||
| Call |
|
Strong evidence for a positive effect | |
|
|
4 HQ interventions | +, +, +, – |
|
| 2 LQ interventions | +, + | ||
| e-Training |
|
Moderate evidence for no effect | |
|
|
1 HQ intervention | – |
|
| 2 LQ interventions | –, – | ||
a+ indicates P<.05 favoring intervention; – indicates P>.05 (no significant difference between groups). In grading the level of evidence low-quality studies were disregarded when there were 2 or more high-quality studies.
bHQ: high quality.
cLQ: lower quality.
dIVR: interactive voice response.