. 2020 Oct 22;65(2):301–310. doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-02032-6

Table 6.

Comparison of Δ (post-treatment–pre-treatment) gains per group

	Treatment group				p value
	Group 1		Group 2
	Mean ± SD	Median(min-max)	Mean ± SD	Median(min-max)
Flexion	6.67 ± 15.37	0 (− 10, 70)	13.44 ± 17.57	10 (0–70)	0.021^μ
Abduction	6.33 ± 12.99	0 (− 10, 60)	15.67 ± 21.73	10 (− 10, 80)	0.018^μ
Internal rotation	3.10 ± 10.05	0 (0–50)	11.78 ± 17.62	0 (− 20, 60)	0.008^μ
External rotation	6.44 ± 10.20	0 (− 20, 40)	15.11 ± 16.74	10 (− 20, 70)	0.01^μ
Resting VAS	− 1 ± 1.58	0 (− 6, 1)	− 2.18 ± 2.15	− 2 (− 6, 0)	0.008^μ
Sleep VAS	− 2.82 ± 2.50	− 2 (− 10, 0)	− 3.98 ± 2.70	− 4 (− 10, 0)	0.034^μ
Movement VAS	− 2.50 ± 2.46	− 2 (− 9, 2)	− 3.56 ± 2.29	− 4 (− 10, 0)	0.028^μ
QuickDASH	− 14.73 ± 13.16	− 11.4 (− 51, 3.7)	− 24.4 ± 17.84	− 15.9 (− 75, − 2.2)	0.007^μ
SF36 Vitality	2.33 ± 9.80	0 (− 45, 20)	14.22 ± 21.56	5 (− 20, 65)	0.028^μ
SF36 Physical Function	9.55 ± 10.92	11.1 (− 11.1, 44.4)	20.38 ± 18.95	16.6 (0, 61.1)	0.001^§
SF36 Pain	23 ± 23.79	22.5 (− 42.5, 67.5)	34.61 ± 23.85	32.5 (0, 90)	0.043^μ
SF36 General Health	0.51 ± 5.46	0 (− 15, 15)	6.78 ± 18.16	0 (− 30, 65)	0.026^μ
SF36 Physical Role Limitation	19.78 ± 37.69	0 (− 50, 100)	40.56 ± 47.76	25 (− 100, 100)	0.01^μ
SF36 Emotional Role Limitation	9.63 ± 25.25	0 (0, 100)	27.41 ± 44.54	0 (0–100)	0.068^μ
SF36 Social Function	4.72 ± 14.42	0 (− 12.5, 75)	17.78 ± 25.35	0 (0–75)	0.003^μ
SF36 Mental Health	1.13 ± 10.06	0 (− 35, 24)	11.56 ± 19.22	0 (− 8, 60)	0.081^μ
Hand grip strength (Jamar)	0.71 ± 3.19	0 (− 8, 10)	1.68 ± 3.28	2 (− 3, 13)	0.002^μ

Δ gain: Post-treatment–pre-treatment measurement

^§t test in independent groups

^μMann-Whitney U test

Group 1 patients receiving physical therapy and exercises for treatment

Group 2 patients receiving physical therapy, balneotherapy, and exercises for treatment

VAS Visual Analogue Scale

QuickDASH Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand

SF36 Short Form-36