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. 2021 Jan 22;11:2130. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81502-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A and B. Impact of open-label placebos on the test performance. (A) Exam scores (percentage of correct answered questions out of all questions answered) separately for both groups. Displayed are mean values (single, black surrounded dots) ± standard error of the mean, and single subject scores (faded blue or grey dots). (B) Correlation between the BMQ benefit score and the exam score in the OLP group (r = 0.28, t(77) = 2.58, p = .011, right) and control group (r = − 0.03, t(73) = − 0.30, p = .766, left). Displayed are single subject scores (faded blue or grey dots) and regression lines.