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. 2021 Jan 22;4:100. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01595-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a–d AAV1-CAG-ChR2 leads to ChR2 expression in significantly more neurons (pink bar) than glial cells (green bar, n = 5 injections). b ChR2 expression after injections of AAV1-CAG. c NeuN expression in the corresponding injection site. d Overlay of ChR2 and NeuN expression. e–h AAV9-CAG (green bar, n = 4 injections) leads to a significant reduction of NeuN in the injection site compared to AAV1-CAG (pink bar, n = 5 injections). f ChR2 expression following injections of AAV9-CAG. g NeuN in the corresponding injection site. h Overlay of ChR2 and NeuN expression indicating that AAV9-CAG injections result in reduced NeuN expression in the injection site. i–l AAV1-CAG leads to extensive ChR2 expression (pink bar), but only to weak GFAP expression (green bar, n = 3 injections). j ChR2 expression following injections of AAV1-CAG-ChR2. k GFAP expression occurs mainly around blood vessels. l Overlay of ChR2 and GFAP expression. m AAV9-CAG injections lead to weak ChR2 expression (pink bar), but increased GFAP expression (green bar, n = 3 injections) in the injection site. n ChR2 expression following injections of AAV9-CAG-ChR2. o GFAP expression within the corresponding injection site. p Overlay of ChR2 and GFAP expression. All scale bars are specified within the microscopic images. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM), dots represent the raw data. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.