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. 2021 Jan 22;12:551. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20856-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Dark JV curves, b normalized capacitance, and e N_t at 293.15 K of TPDP:C₆₀ blends with different D–A mixing ratios. Due to the small capacitive contribution of the traps at very low concentrations, the method fails in reconstructing the trap density of states. Therefore, the results of the 6.0 mol% device are not shown. c Capacitance and f N_t for 26.7 mol% at different temperatures reconstructed as proposed previously⁴⁴. d Trap density (left black y-axis) and |J_D(−1.0 V | (right red y-axis) versus donor concentration. Trap energies represents the energy difference from C₆₀ LUMO (LUMO_C60 - E_t)⁶². The hatched areas in (b) show the frequency ranges excluded from the trap analyses as discussed in the text. C_geom. refers here to the capacitance at 100 kHz, where the geometric capacitance dominates.