Table 3.

Study sites.

Biome	Site	Ecoregion	n (plots)	Long. (°)	Lat. (°)	Elevation (m a.s.l.)	Soil type
Boreal forests	Fairbanks (USA)	Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga	25	−148.11	64.80	198	Gleysol
	Muddus (Sweden)	Scandinavian and Russian taiga	15	20.06	67.05	532	Podzol
Temperate broadleaf forests	Big Reed (USA)	New England-Acadian forests	12	−69.06	46.36	418	Podzol
	Lagodechi Nature Reserve (Georgia)	Caucasus mixed forests	12	46.32	41.85	798	Cambisol
	Parque Tantauco (Chile)	Valdivian temperate forests	9	−73.79	−43.02	134	Andosol
	Reserva San Pablo de Tregua (Chile)	Valdivian temperate forests	7	−72.09	−39.60	817	Andosol
	Rožok (Slovakia)	Carparthian montane forests	30	22.46	48.98	648	Cambisol
	Uholka-Shyroki Luh (Ukraine)	Carparthian montane forests	30	23.62	48.27	746	Cambisol
Temperate conifer forests	Parque Nacional Villarica (Chile)	Valdivian temperate forests	4	−71.51	−39.58	1269	Andosol
	HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (USA)	Central-Southern Cascades forests	10	−122.22	44.23	543	Cambisol
	Rockefeller Forest (USA)	Northern California coastal forests	15	−123.95	40.35	142	Inceptisol
	Whitaker Forest (USA)	Sierra Nevada forests	8	−118.93	36.71	1641	Alfisol
(Sub-)Tropical savannas and woodlands	Bwabwata National Park (Namibia)	Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands	11	21.76	−18.21	1035	Arenosol
	Chobe Forest Reserve (Botswana)	Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands	10	24.61	−18.23	989	Arenosol
	Khaudum National Park (Namibia)	Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands	16	20.73	−18.45	1082	Arenosol
(Sub-)Tropical moist broadleaf forests	Budongo Forest Reserve (Uganda)	Albertine Rift montane forests	10	31.53	1.73	1070	Ferralsol
	Danum Valley (Malaysia)	Borneo lowland rain forests	22	117.79	4.97	255	Acrisol
	Maliau Basin (Malaysia)	Borneo lowland rain forests	18	116.97	4.74	276	Acrisol
	Saddle Road Forest Kipuka (USA)	Hawai’i tropical moist forests	15	−155.31	19.67	1433	Andosol
	Colo-I-Suva Forest (Fiji)	Fiji tropical moist forests	15	178.44	−18.05	221	Cambisol