Table 2.
Adjusteda multilevel logistic regression models for the relationships between COVID-19-related financial stressors (exposures) and health risk behavior changes since COVID-19 (outcomes), among 90,971 womenb in 18,359 zip codes.
| Exposures |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pay has decreased |
Likely to have trouble paying bills |
Lost job or likely to lose job |
One or more financial stressors |
|||||
| Outcomes | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Getting less sleep | 1.23 | (1.18, 1.29) | 1.73 | (1.67, 1.78) | 1.40 | (1.35, 1.46) | 1.60 | (1.55, 1.66) |
| Eating less healthy | 1.12 | (1.07, 1.17) | 1.32 | (1.28, 1.36) | 1.18 | (1.13, 1.23) | 1.30 | (1.26, 1.34) |
| Exercising less | 1.25 | (1.20, 1.30) | 1.37 | (1.33, 1.41) | 1.30 | (1.25, 1.35) | 1.30 | (1.25, 1.33) |
| Drinking more alcohol | 1.26 | (1.19., 1.33) | 1.07 | (1.02, 1.12) | 1.17 | (1.11, 1.23) | 1.18 | (1.13, 1.24) |
| Smoking/vaping more | 1.66 | (1.51, 1.82) | 2.52 | (2.33, 2.73) | 1.79 | (1.63, 1.96) | 2.30 | (2.12, 2.50) |
| Two or more negative health risk behavior changes | 1.32 | (1.27, 1.38) | 1.65 | (1.59, 1.70) | 1.41 | (1.36, 1.47) | 1.56 | (1.51, 1.60) |
OR = odds ratio.
CI = confidence interval.
a
Each model is adjusted for age, presence of children, whether living alone, whether diagnosed with COVID-19, proportion non-white in zip code, proportion in poverty within zip code, and a random intercept varying at the zip code level.
b
Denominator for pay decrease models = 57,616 women; denominator for job stress models = 51,109 women (not including responses of “not applicable”).