Fig. 5.

Galanin counteracts apoptotic myocardial injury in I/R-challenged hearts and promotes autophagosome formation.

A Representative images of TUNEL-stained cardiac tissue from vehicle- or galanin (Gal)-treated mice subjected to sham surgery or myocardial ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. B Quantification of TUNEL-positive stained cells from A, and mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic Bax C in the indicated groups, n = 5–8 mice per group. D,E Representative immunofluorescence images showing LC3B staining and quantification of the LC3B dots per field in cardiac tissue from vehicle- or galanin-treated mice subjected to 24 h of I/R or sham, n = 6–7 mice per group. F,G Immunoblot and quantification of the LC3-II/I ratio in cardiac tissue from the indicated groups, n = 6–7 mice per group. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 vs Sham (S). #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01 vs I/R. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA. For E and G Newman-Keuls post hoc test was applied.