Fig. 3.

Bioprinted breast cancer models. A. The important components within breast cancer microenvironment including interstitial matrix and the basement membrane proteins (left circle). The signaling from the ECM proteins is propagated via multiple signaling pathways, both simultaneously and independently (right circle). B. 3D bioprinted breast cancer model with breast cancer cells (21PT cells) in the middle and surrounding Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs). (a) Scheme of bioprinting setup that uses two types of cell laden bioinks. Representative immunofluorescent staining for vimentin (red), E-cadherin (E-cad, green), and nuclei (blue) of 21PT and ADMSC within bioprinted constructs. (b) Representative immunofluorescent staining of vimentin (red), caspase 3 (green), and nuclei (blue) of 21PT and ADMSC cells after 21-day culture and with the addition of different concentration of doxorubicin (DOX) for another 3-day culture. (c) Representative immunofluorescent staining for aSMA (red), LOX (green), and nuclei (blue) of 21PT and ADMSC within bioprinted constructs after 21-day culture and with the addition of different concentrations of DOX for another 3-day culture. Figure A is reproduced from Ref. [109] with creative commons attribution (CC BY) license. Figure B is reproduced from Ref. [20] with the permission of American Chemical Society.