Figure 4.

Colonic immune cell responses upon urolithin-A application to C. jejuni infected IL-10^−/− mice. Following C. jejuni strain 81-176 infection on days 0 and 1, microbiota depleted IL-10^−/− mice were treated with urolithin-A (URO, open circles) or placebo (PLC, closed circles) via the drinking water starting on d2 post infection. On d6, the average numbers of (A) F4/80⁺ macrophages and monocytes) (B) CD3⁺ T lymphocytes), (C) FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells and (D) B220⁺ B lymphocytes were determined microscopically from six high power fields (HPF, 400 × magnification) per animal in immunohistochemically stained large intestinal paraffin sections. Naive mice were used as negative controls (open diamonds). Medians (black bars), significance levels (p values) calculated by the ANOVA test with Tukey post-correction or by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s post-correction and the total numbers of included animals (in parentheses) are given. Data were pooled from three independent experiments.