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. 2020 Dec 30;13(1):89. doi: 10.3390/nu13010089

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of maternal pre- and post-conception diet on pup circulating leptin and ghrelin. (A) Circulating leptin, males. (B) Circulating leptin, females. (C) Correlation between circulating leptin and weight at postnatal day 1, males. (D) Correlation between circulating leptin and weight at postnatal day 1, females. (E) Circulating triglycerides, males. (F) Circulating triglycerides, females. (G) Circulating ghrelin, males. (H) Circulating ghrelin, females. (I) Circulating growth hormone, males. (J) Circulating growth hormone, females. HFSD: high-fat-high-sugar diet; Ch: chow (in (C,D)). Letters denote post hoc differences between groups; * significant effect of post-conception diet (p < 0.05). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6–10). Each data point represents one pup per litter per sex.