Table 1.
Comparisons of liver transcriptomes in chicken exposed to acute or chronic heat stress.
Ref. | Animal | Heat Stress Condition | Gene Ontology Terms | Pathways | Differentially Expressed Genes 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[69] | Male broiler (17−day−old) |
Control (25 °C for 7 d) Acute HS (35 °C for 3 h) Chronic HS (7 h/d for 7 d at 35 °C) |
Under Acute HS system/tissue/cellular development, response to gonadotropin, cell differentiation, cellular lipid metabolic process, lipid metabolic process, growth factor binding, insulin−like growth factor, oxidoreductase activity−aldehyde, transferase activity Under Chronic HS contractile fiber part, extracellular region/matrix, integral/intrinsic component of organelle membrane, myofibril, negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein, lipid homeostasis, skeletal system, biological adhesion, cell adhesion |
Under Acute HS cardiovascular system (nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system and cardiac β−adrenergic signaling), nervous system (glioma signaling), immune system (PTEN signaling and NF-kB signaling), hepatic system (HGF signaling and Leptin signaling in obesity), circulatory system (eNOS signaling) |
Under Acute HS ANGPTL4, NOG, UNC5A, HKDC1, TMEM154, SPINW, TNF, HSP70, HSPA2, DNAJC12, HDAC Under chronic HS FST, SIK1, HKDC1, gadd45 |
[68] | Male broiler (21−day−old) |
Control (23–25 °C for 7 d) Chronic HS (8 h/d for 7d at 35−37 °C) |
Under Chronic HS cell cycle, DNA repair, immune function, lipid catabolism |
circadian rhythm, peripheral liver clock, thyroid hormone signaling, glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycosylation | circadian rhythm response (↑: PER2, PER3, PROK2, TEF, PAR bZIP TEF, BHLHE41, CRY) peripheral liver clock (↓: NPAS2, ARNTL) thyroid hormone signaling (↓: DIO2) glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis (↑: ADCY9, PGM1, FBP2, GPI, SLC2A2) fatty acid metabolism (↑: ACACA, ACSF3) glycosylation (↑: PMM1, PMM2) |
[71] | Male broiler (22−day−old) |
Control (25 °C for 7 d) Chronic HS (7 h/d for 7 d at 35 °C) |
Under Chronic HS cell signaling, endocrine system development and function, molecular transport, small molecular biochemistry, vitamin and mineral metabolism, protein synthesis, cardiovascular system development and function, organ morphology, tissue morphology, cell morphology, cellular development, organismal development, amino acid metabolism, connective tissue disorders, inflammatory disease, skeletal and muscular disorders, auditory and vestibular system development and function, behavior |
cell signaling (cellular CCK signaling, apoptosis pathway, calcium signaling), endocrine system development and function (thyroid hormone signaling, blood vessel development, tissue repair response) | cellular CCK signaling (↑: CCK, DIO3, ↓: TRPC5, DIO2) apoptosis pathway (↑: ORMDL3, ↓: SCN3B, SPON1, MYRIP) calcium signaling (↑: ERC2, S100A1, BDKRB1, ↓: S100A4) blood vessel development (↑: BRCC3, FGF14, ↓: ANGPTL4) tissue repair response (↓: FMOD, GPR133, TRIM50) |
[72] | Male Broiler (70−day−old) |
Control (25 °C) Acute HS (38 °C for 4 h) Recovery (38 °C for 4 h and 25 °C for 2 h) |
Under Acute HS metabolic progress, single−organism metabolic progress, small molecule metabolic progress, lipid metabolic progress, fatty acid metabolic progress, organic acid catabolic process, carboxylic acid catabolic process, cellular amino acid catabolic process, organic acid biosynthetic process, carboxylic acid biosynthetic process, small molecule biosynthetic process, oxidation−reduction process |
fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, steroid biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism |
Under Acute HS fatty acid metabolism (ACOX1, ACACA, ACSL1, ACSL6, ACAA1, ACAA2, HADHB, FASN), pyruvate metabolism (ACSS2, ALDH2, ACACA, DLAT, ALDH7A1, MDH1, ME1), propanoate metabolism (ACSS2, ACACA, ABAT, SUCLG2, ACSS3) |
[73] | Male Broiler (22−day−old) |
Control (25 °C) Chronic HS (8 h/d for 7 d at 38 °C) |
Under Chronic HS chromosome segregation, mitotic nuclear division, cell division, condensed chromosome kinetochore, nucleus, chromosome, centromeric region, mid-body, kinetochore, centrosome, ATP binding |
Fanconi anemia pathway, cell cycle pathway |
Under Chronic HS fanconi anemia pathway (FANCA, FANCG, FANCI, PMS2, APITD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, EME1, POLN, UBE2T), cell cycle pathway (BUB1, E2F1, MAD2L1, TTK, WEE1, CDC20, CDC45, CCNA2, CCNB2, CDK1, CDKN2C, MCM6, PTTG1, PLK1) |
1 ANGPTL4, angiopoietin−like 4; NOG, noggin precursor; UNC5A, unc−5 homolog A; HKDC1, hexokinase domain containing 1; TMEM154, transmembrane protein 154; SPINW, spindling 1; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; HSPA2, heat shock protein family A member 2; DNAJC12, DnaJ heat shock protein family member C12; HDAC, histone deacetylase; FST, follistatin; SIK1, serine/threonine−protein kinase SIK2; HKDC1, hexokinase domain containing 1; gadd45; growth arrest and DNA damage−inducible protein GADD45 gamma; PER2, period circadian clock 2; PER3, period circadian clock 3; PROK2, prokineticin 2; TEF, transcription factor; PAR bZIP TEF, PAR bZIP transcription factor; BHLHE41, basic helix−loop−helix family member e41; CRY, cryptochrome; ADCY9, adenylyl cyclase 9; PGM1, phosphoglucomutase; FBP2, fructose−bisphosphatase 2; GPI, glucose−6−phosphate isomerase; SLC2A2, facilitated glucose transporter solute carrier family 2 member 2; ACACA, acetyl−CoA carboxylase alpha; ACSF3, acyl−CoA synthetase; PMM1, phosphomannomutase 1; PMM2, phosphomannomutase 2; NPAS2, neuronal PAD domain protein 2; ARNTL, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator−like; DIO2, deiodinase Iodothyronine Type II; ERC2, ELKS/RAB6−interacting/CAST family member 2; FGF14, fibroblast growth factor 14; ORMDL3, ORM1−like 3; BDKRB1, bradykinin receptor B1; CCK, cholecystokinin; DIO3, iodothyronine, type III; MYRIP, myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein; S100A1, S100 calcium binding protein A1; BRCC3, BRCA1/BRCA2−containing complex, subunit 3; FMOD, fibromodulin; GPR133, G protein−coupled receptor 133; SCN3B, sodium channel, voltage−gated, type III, beta subunit; SPON1, spondin 1, extracellular matrix protein; TRIM50, tripartite motif containing 50; S100A4, S100 calcium binding protein A4; TRPC5, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 5; ACOX1, acyl−CoA oxidase 1; ACSL1, acyl−CoA synthetase−1; ACSL6, acyl−CoA synthetase−6; ACAA1, acetyl−CoA acyltransferase 1; ACAA2, acetyl−CoA acyltransferase 2; HADHB, trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial; FASN, fatty acid synthase; ACSS2, acyl−CoA synthetase short chain family member 2, ALDH2, Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; DLAT, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; ALDH7A1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1, MDH1, malate dehydrogenase 1; ME1, malic enzyme 1, ABAT, 4−aminobutyrate aminotransferase; SUCLG2, succinyl−CoA ligase subunit beta, mitochondrial; ACSS3, acyl−CoA synthetase short chain family member 3; FANCA, fanconi anemia complementation group A; FANCG, fanconi anemia complementation group G; FANCI, fanconi anemia complementation group I; PMS2, PMS1 homolog 2; APITD1, centromere protein S; BRCA1, breast cancer 1; BRCA2, breast cancer 2; EME1, essential meiotic structure−specific endonuclease 1; POLN, polymerase (DNA) Nu; UBE2T, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T; BUB1, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase; E2F1, E2F transcription factor 1; MAD2L1, MAD2 mitotic arrest deficient−like 1; TTK, TTK protein kinase; WEE1, WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase; CDC20, cell division cycle 20; CDC45, cell division cycle 45; CCNA2, cyclin A2; CCNB2, cyclin B1; CDK1, cyclin−dependent kinase 1; CDKN2C, cyclin−dependent kinase inhibitor 2C; MCM6, minichromosome maintenance complex component 6; PTTG1, pituitary tumor−transforming 2; PLK1, Polo like kinase 1.