Table 1.
Articles selected with human and/or experimental models with different types of diabetes (Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Type 2 diabetes mellitus) submitted to turmeric supplementation and/or associated with physical exercises. Papers were analyzed and selected according to predetermined inclusion criteria.
| Author and Year | Model and Blood Glucose Levels (According to Papers Analyzed) | Dose and Duration | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZHAO et al. (2017) [16] | Diabetic and obese rats induced by STZ (13.88 mmol/L) |
100 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. | ↓ apoptosis in testicular cells ↓ Bax ↑ expressions of Bcl-2 ↓ MDA ↑ SOD. |
| YANG et al. (2018) [35] | Wistar Diabetic rats induced by STZ (≥11.6 mmol/L) |
One group received 100 mg/kg of curcumin, the other received 200 mg/kg for 16 weeks. | ↓ blood glucose ↓ body-weight loss |
| RASHID et al. (2017) [36] | Diabetic rats induced by STZ (15.5 mmol/L) |
100 mg/kg of curcumin daily for 8 weeks. | ↑ inflammatory cytokines, ↑ NFkB pathway translocation ↓ cytosolic NFkB expression ↑ IkBa, NFkB |
| SU, WANG and CHI (2017) [37] | Rats with T2DM induced by STZ (≥16.7 mmol/L) |
Received medication for 8 consecutive weeks | ↑ AGL and TNF-α ↓ FBG; AUCs ↓ blood glucose ↓ insulin. |
| PANAHI et al. (2018) [38] | Patients with T2DM (6.99 mmol/L) |
Curcuminoids 500 mg/day coadministered with piperine, 5 mg/day for 3 months. | ↓ insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR ↓ glucose and Peptide C ↓ ALT and AST |
| PANAHI et al. (2015) [39] | Patients with T2DM (6.1 mmol/L) |
Curcuminoids 1000 mg/day + piperine 10 mg/day for 12 weeks | ↓ IMC, LDL-C, CT, TG, LDL-C and non-HDL-C ↑ HDL-C |
| XIE et al. (2018) [40] | Sprague-Dawley rats with T1DM induced by STZ (≥11,1 mmol/L) |
Treated with 1.0% curcumin (weight ratio) mixed into diet for 21 days. | ↓ body-weight loss ↓ blood glucose concentration ↓ insulin concentration ↑ antioxidant genes |
| HARYUNA et al. (2017) [41] | Diabetic Wistar rats induced by STZ (11.1 mmol/L) |
Groups 3 and 4 received curcumin therapy of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 3 days. Group 5 and 6 received 200 and 400 mg/kg for 8 days. |
↑ SOD expression in cochlear fibroblasts ↓ ROS ↓ NADPH ↓ oxidase, lipoxygenase, dehydrogenase xanthine and nitric oxide synthase. |
| GUO et al. (2018) [42] | Diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats induced by STZ (16.7 mmol/L) |
Received 300 mg/kg 16 weeks. |
↓ TGF-β1, ↑ Smad7 expression ↑ AMPK; p38 and MAPK. |
| KANT et al. (2014) [43] | Diabetic Wistar rats induced by STZ (16.7 mmol/L) |
Curcumin (0.3%) in pluronic gel once a day for 19 days. |
↑ anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). ↓ Ser52, GRP78, CHOP ↓ TNF-a ↑ mRNA of IL-10 ↓ IL-1b; MMP-9. |
| KANT et al. (2017) [44] | Diabetic Wistar rats induced by STZ (16.7 mmol/L) |
0.15% curcumin topically once a day for 19 days. | ↓ MDA ↑ SOD |
STZ—Streptozotocin, T1DM—Type 1 diabetes mellitus, T2DM—Type 2 diabetes mellitus, IκBα—nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor alpha; NFkB—nuclear factor kappa B; BAX—associated protein X; BCL-2—B cell lymphoma protein 2; MDA—malondialdehyde; SOD—superoxide dismutase; TGF-β1—transforming growth factor beta; Smad 7—induction and downregulation; AMPK—adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase; MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase; HbA1c—glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR—homeostatic model assessment; ALT—alanine aminotransferase; AST—aspartate aminotransferase; IMC—body mass index; LDL-C—low-density lipoprotein; TC—total cholesterol; TG—triglycerides; HDL-C—high-density lipoprotein; ROS—reactive oxygen species; NADPH—the chemically reduced form of NADP; IL-10—interleukins 10; Ser52—phospho-eIF2a; GRP78—glucose-regulated protein 78; CHOP—C/EBP homologous protein; TNF-a—tumor necrosis factor; IL-1b—interleukins 1b; MMP-9—matrix metallopeptidase 9; AGL—glycosylation; FBG—fibrinogen-like; AUC—area under the curve; IL-8—interleukins 8; CK—creatine kinase; TNG—Tumor necrosis factor; sRAGE—soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (AGE); NEFA—nonesterified fatty acid; MDA—malondialdehyde; IL-6—interleukins 6; LV—left ventricle; ROMs—reactive oxygen metabolites; TRX-1—Thioredoxin; TBARS—Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; GSSG—glutathione disulfide; GSH—glutathione; P38—mitogen-activated protein kinases; mRNa—Messenger RNA; Non-HDL Cholesterol; VO2 peak: maximum oxygen consumption reached before stabilization of the amount of oxygen captured; ↑—increase; ↓—decrease; =—no change.