Table 4.
Factorial ANOVA of the agronomic and qualitative traits of 16 Italian durum wheat cultivars and two reference cultivars of bread wheat evaluated for their susceptibility to Fusarium head blight (FHB). The test was performed in two different sites in northern and southern Italy, respectively: Eraclea (Veneto region) and Reggio Calabria (Calabria region).
| Factors of Variability | Site | Cultivar | N1 | Grain Yield (t ha−1) | Physiological Maturity (days from 01/04) | Hectoliter Weight (kg hL−1) | Thousand Kernels Weight (g) | Protein Content (% d.m.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site (A) | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | |||
| Eraclea | 54 | 4.6 ± 0.70 | 73.0 ± 3.19 | 79.3 ± 2.44 | 40.6 ± 5.66 | 12.9 ± 1.26 | ||
| RC | 54 | 4.0 ± 0.67 | 63.1 ± 2.82 | 79.6 ± 2.84 | 39.5 ± 6.05 | 13.1 ± 1.57 | ||
| Cultivar (B) | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |||
| CRESO | 6 | 3.6 ± 0.28 gh | 71.7 ± 5.96 b | 81.3 ± 0.24 a–c | 46.1 ± 0.27 c | 13.5 ± 0.37 d | ||
| DUILIO | 6 | 4.0 ± 0.14 e–g | 62.5 ± 4.68 l | 81.4 ± 1.34 ab | 46.7 ± 0.52 b | 12.9 ± 0.64 g | ||
| DUPRÌ | 6 | 3.6 ± 0.98 gh | 69.0 ± 4.6 c–f | 78.3 ± 0.08 hi | 36.9 ± 0.83 l | 16.2 ± 0.18 a | ||
| DYLAN | 6 | 4.9 ± 0.57 bc | 68.2 ± 4.96 d–g | 81.3 ± 0.46 a–c | 46.0 ± 0.30 c | 11.9 ± 0.53 l | ||
| FORTORE | 6 | 3.6 ± 0.3 gh | 66.7 ± 5.20 e–i | 78.8 ± 0.13 g–i | 37.2 ± 0.18 il | 12.4 ± 0.14 f–h | ||
| GRECALE | 6 | 4.2 ± 0.4 ef | 64.2 ± 5.42 il | 80.3 ± 0.13 a–f | 37.4 ± 0.32 i | 12.7 ± 0.21 fg | ||
| IRIDE | 6 | 4.7 ± 0.42 cd | 66.3 ± 5.96 f–i | 81.1 ± 1.45 a–d | 40.7 ± 0.46 g | 12.4 ± 0.19 hi | ||
| ITALO | 6 | 3.8 ± 0.39 f–h | 68.5 ± 5.32 d–g | 80.1 ± 0.29 b–g | 37.1 ± 5.12 il | 12.2 ± 0.19 i | ||
| MERIDIANO | 6 | 4.8 ± 0.26 b–d | 67.7 ± 4.80 d–h | 78.1 ± 0.18 i | 44.4 ± 0.42 d | 12.7 ± 0.44 g | ||
| SAADI | 6 | 3.4 ± 0.47 h | 70.0 ± 6.23 b–d | 81.2 ± 2.02 a–c | 32.7 ± 0.59 n | 15.6 ± 0.99 b | ||
| SARAGOLLA | 6 | 4.1 ± 0.35 e–g | 66.0 ± 5.55 g–i | 80.8 ± 1.59 a–e | 42.3 ± 0.19 f | 12.6 ± 0.31 fg | ||
| SIMETO | 6 | 3.9 ± 0.33 e–g | 67.3 ± 5.89 d–h | 79.8 ± 1.57 d–g | 47.9 ± 0.22 a | 13.2 ± 0.16 e | ||
| TIZIANA | 6 | 5.2 ± 0.58 b | 71.2 ± 5.38 bc | 80.0 ± 0.66 c–g | 46.1 ± 1.12 c | 12.0 ± 0.15 l | ||
| TRESOR | 6 | 4.1 ± 0.55 e–g | 65.2 ± 5.78 hi | 81.7 ± 0.89 a | 40.2 ± 3.41 h | 15.4 ± 1.04 c | ||
| VETTORE | 6 | 4.4 ± 0.21 de | 71.3 ± 5.16 bc | 79.6 ± 0.91 e–g | 36.8 ± 0.92 l | 13.2 ± 0.16 e | ||
| VIRGILIO | 6 | 5.1 ± 0.48 bc | 69.2 ± 5.71 b–e | 79.4 ± 0.12 f–h | 43.0 ± 0.27 e | 12.6 ± 0.48 h | ||
| SUMAI #3 | 6 | 5.6 ± 0.38 a | 73.8 ± 6.49 a | 74.7 ± 0.29 l | 33.2 ± 0.10 m | 11.0 ± 0.28 n | ||
| GAMENYA | 6 | 4.6 ± 0.21 cd | 65.8 ± 6.11 g–i | 71.7 ± 0.20 m | 26.5 ± 0.10 o | 11.7 ± 0.24 m | ||
| A x B | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |||
| Eraclea | CRESO | 3 | 3.8 ± 0.18 m–p | 77.0 ± 1.00 ab | 81.1 ± 0.06 a–f | 46.0 ± 0.15 c | 13.9 ± 0.06 e | |
| DUILIO | 3 | 3.9 ± 0.08 i–p | 66.7 ± 1.53 h–l | 80.2 ± 0.10 c–l | 46.3 ± 0.06 c | 13.4 ± 0.06 f | ||
| DUPRÌ | 3 | 4.5 ± 0.23 f–m | 73.0 ± 2.00 c–e | 78.3 ± 0.10 h–m | 37.6 ± 0.15 m | 16.1 ± 0.06 b | ||
| DYLAN | 3 | 5.4 ± 0.09 a–d | 72.7 ± 0.58 c–f | 80.9 ± 0.15 a–g | 46.3 ± 0.15 c | 11.4 ± 0.06 q | ||
| FORTORE | 3 | 3.5 ± 0.17 pq | 71.3 ± 1.15 e–g | 78.9 ± 0.15 g–m | 37.3 ± 0.20 m | 12.5 ± 0.1 l | ||
| GRECALE | 3 | 4.5 ± 0.16 f–l | 69.0 ±1.00 f–h | 80.4 ± 0.12 c–h | 37.7 ± 0.2 m | 12.5 ± 0.06 lm | ||
| IRIDE | 3 | 5.0 ± 0.15 c–g | 71.7 ± 1.53 e–g | 79.9 ± 0.10 d–m | 40.3 ± 0.2 l | 12.2 ± 0.1 l–o | ||
| ITALO | 3 | 4.1 ± 0.14 h–p | 73.3 ± 0.58 b–e | 80.3 ± 0.20 c–i | 41.7 ± 0.35 hi | 12.0 ± 0.06 n–p | ||
| MERIDIANO | 3 | 5.0 ± 0.12 c–f | 72.0 ± 1.00 d–f | 78.1 ± 0.12 lm | 44.1 ± 0.15 e | 13.1 ± 0.10 f–i | ||
| SAADI | 3 | 3.8 ± 0.18 l–p | 75.7 ± 0.58 b–d | 82.4 ± 0.12 ab | 33.2 ± 0.15 o | 14.7 ± 0.10 c | ||
| SARAGOLLA | 3 | 4.4 ± 0.19 f–n | 71.0 ± 1.00 e–g | 79.3 ± 0.12 f–m | 42.1 ± 0.15 gh | 12.9 ± 0.10 hi | ||
| SIMETO | 3 | 4.2 ± 0.17 h–p | 72.7 ± 0.58 c–f | 78.4 ± 0.12 h–m | 48.1 ± 0.10 a | 13.0 ± 0.06 g–i | ||
| TIZIANA | 3 | 5.7 ± 0.15 ab | 76.0 ± 1.00 bc | 80.6 ± 0.10 b–g | 47.1 ± 0.12 b | 11.8 ± 0.06 p | ||
| TRESOR | 3 | 4.6 ± 0.13 f–l | 70.3 ± 1.53 e–g | 81.5 ± 0.10 a–e | 43.3 ± 0.10 f | 14.4 ± 0.00 d | ||
| VETTORE | 3 | 4.5 ± 0.14 f–m | 76.0 ± 1.00 bc | 80.2 ± 0.12 c–l | 37.4 ± 0.12 m | 13.1 ± 0.06 f–i | ||
| VIRGILIO | 3 | 5.5 ± 0.16 a–c | 74.3 ± 0.58 b–e | 79.5 ± 0.10 e–m | 43.2 ± 0.06 f | 12.2 ± 0.1 l–o | ||
| SUMAI #3 | 3 | 6.0 ± 0.09 a | 79.7 ± 1.53 a | 74.9 ± 0.10 n | 33.2 ± 0.06 o | 10.8 ± 0.06 r | ||
| GAMENYA | 3 | 4.5 ± 0.21 f–l | 71.3 ± 1.53 e–g | 71.8 ± 0.15 o | 26.5 ± 0.06 q | 11.9 ± 0.06 n–p | ||
| RC | CRESO | 3 | 3.5 ± 0.30 ef | 66.3 ± 1.53 ab | 81.5 ± 0.15 a–d | 46.2 ± 0.35 b | 13.2 ± 0.10 bc | |
| DUILIO | 3 | 4.2 ± 0.10 be | 58.3 ± 0.58 h | 82.6 ± 0.12 a | 47.2 ± 0.10 a | 12.3 ± 0.06 e | ||
| DUPRÌ | 3 | 2.7 ± 0.18 g | 65.0 ± 1.00 a–c | 78.2 ± 0.00 e | 36.1 ± 0.15 g–i | 16.3 ± 0.15 a | ||
| DYLAN | 3 | 4.4 ± 0.27 bd | 63.7 ± 0.58 b–e | 81.7 ± 0.15 a–d | 45.8 ± 0.20 bc | 12.4 ± 0.10 e | ||
| FORTORE | 3 | 3.8 ± 0.31 cf | 62.0 ± 1.00 cg | 78.8 ± 0.12 de | 37.10 ± 0.10 gh | 12.4 ± 0.15 e | ||
| GRECALE | 3 | 3.9 ± 0.13 cf | 59.3 ± 1.53 gh | 80.2 ± 0.12 a–e | 37.2 ± 0.06 h | 12.8 ± 0.06 cd | ||
| IRIDE | 3 | 4.4 ± 0.36 bd | 61.0 ± 1.00 dh | 82.2 ± 1.13 ab | 41.1 ± 0.10 f | 12.5 ± 0.10 de | ||
| ITALO | 3 | 3.5 ± 0.19 eg | 63.7 ± 0.58 b–f | 79.9 ± 0.15 a–e | 32.4 ± 0.10 lm | 12.4 ± 0.06 e | ||
| MERIDIANO | 3 | 4.6 ± 0.20 ac | 63.3 ± 0.58 b–f | 78.0 ± 0.21 e | 44.8 ± 0.10 d | 12.3 ± 0.00 e | ||
| SAADI | 3 | 3.0 ± 0.21 fg | 64.3 ± 0.58 b–d | 80.0 ± 2.37 a–e | 32.2 ± 0.32 m | 16.5 ± 0.10 a | ||
| SARAGOLLA | 3 | 3.8 ± 0.20 cf | 61.0 ± 1.00 d–h | 82.2 ± 0.15 ab | 42.4 ± 0.10 e | 12.4 ± 0.15 e | ||
| SIMETO | 3 | 3.7 ± 0.28 d–f | 62.0 ± 1.00 c–g | 81.2 ± 0.15 a–d | 47.7 ± 0.12 a | 13.3 ± 0.10 b | ||
| TIZIANA | 3 | 4.7 ± 0.15 ab | 66.3 ± 1.15 ab | 79.4 ± 0.10 b–e | 45.1 ± 0.10 cd | 12.1 ± 0.00 e | ||
| TRESOR | 3 | 3.6 ± 0.17 d–f | 60.0 ± 1.00 f–h | 81.8 ± 1.39 a–c | 37.1 ± 0.40 h | 16.3 ± 0.10 a | ||
| VETTORE | 3 | 4.3 ± 0.21 b–e | 66.7 ± 0.58 ab | 79.0 ± 0.98 c–e | 36.1 ± 0.92 i | 13.3 ± 0.20 b | ||
| VIRGILIO | 3 | 4.7 ± 0.19 ac | 64.0 ± 1.00 b–e | 79.3 ± 0.06 b–e | 42.8 ± 0.20 e | 13.1 ± 0.12 bc | ||
| SUMAI #3 | 3 | 5.3 ± 0.17 a | 68.0 ± 1.00 a | 74.5 ± 0.31 f | 33.2 ± 0.15 l | 11.2 ± 0.15 f | ||
| GAMENYA | 3 | 4.7 ± 0.20ab | 60.3 ± 0.58 e–h | 71.5 ± 0.12 g | 26.4 ± 0.10 n | 11.5 ± 0.20 f |
N1 Numerosity. Data are means of three replicates ±SD. Data in the same column followed by different letters are significantly different (Student–Newman–Keul test, p ≤ 0.001).