Figure 5.

Anti-inflammatory effect of LL in the small intestine of the mice. The mice were fed with HFD alone for 23 days. Subsequently, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg LL were administered daily for the next 20 days, along with HFD. Mice were i.p. with a 5 mg/kg of LPS followed by sacrifice after 1 h. The small intestine (a,b,d–g), the colon (a,c,h–k) and serum (l) were harvested for RT-PCR (a–c), real-time qPCR (d–k) and ELISA (l). β-actin was used as the loading control. The data are shown as the means ± SD of three independent experiments. The colons were harvested and stained with H&E and PAS (m). The white bar represents negative control. Data are shown as the means ± SD of at least three independent experiments. Significant differences between different groups were analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test with one-way ANOVA and values labeled with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). HFD diet; H, HFD diet + LPS; HL, HFD + LPS + 150 mg/kg LL; HLL, HFD + LPS + 300 mg/kg; HLH.