Table 2.
Laboratory variables of patients according to different stages of CKD. CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; FGF-23, fibroblast growth factor-23.
| Variable | Healthy Individuals |
CKD Stage 1 eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 14) |
CKD Stage 2 eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 15) |
CKD Stage 3 eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 13) |
CKD Stage 4 eGFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 14) |
CKD Stage 5 eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creatinine, mg/dL | N/A | 0.4 ± 0.08 | 0.73 ± 0.19 | 1.11 (0.81–1.62) | 2.32 ± 0.82 | 7.95 ± 2.43 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m² | N/A | 121.46 ± 17.94 | 77.17 ± 7.39 | 49.17 ± 9.61 | 22.5 ± 4.69 | 7.5 ± 1.55 |
| Urea, mmol/L | N/A | 3.68 ± 0.92 | 5.29 ± 1.44 | 6.5 (4.64–10.0) | 14.48 ± 6.0 | 22.06 ± 4.6 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.52 ± 0.05 | 1.54 ± 0.21 | 1.66 ± 0.2 | 1.76 ± 0.21 a,f | 1.8 ± 0.41 a | 2.08 ± 0.45 a,c |
| Calcium, mmol/L | N/A | 2.23 (2.0–2.39) | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) | 2.16 (2.05–2.25) | 2.15 (2.06–2.32) | 1.8 (1.45–2.04) a,d |
| Ionized calcium, mmol/L | N/A | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.2 (1.01–1.4) | 1.25 (1.0–1.3) | 1.26 (1.21–1.3) | 1.1 (0.87–1.15) a,e |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | N/A | 244.86 ± 74.7 | 300.76 ± 69.06 a | 250.56 ± 85.52 | 328.39 ± 119.95 | 495.6 ± 303.2 c |
| PTH, pg/mL | 25.5 (21.25–44.75) | 25.5 (21.0–32.0) | 46.8 (21.7–54.0) | 37.4 (21.7–85.55) | 110.34 (83.28–186.5) b,f | 1397 (814–1836) e,f |
| 25-OH vitamin D, ng/mL | N/A | 29.4 ± 14.49 | 24.51 ± 10.64 | 21.16 ± 10.17 | 20.2 ± 14.37 | 20.08 ± 16.27 |
| FGF-23, pmol/L | 0.65 (0.22–0.98) | 0.65 (0.22–1.08) | 1.6 (1.5–1.8) a,f | 1.9 (1.15–3.5) | 3.55 (2.48–6.35) c | 14.0 (7.5–18.75) d |
Data are presented as mean ± SD if normal distribution. Data are presented as median (IQR) if non-normal distribution. a—p < 0.05, versus CKD stage 1. b—p = 0.000, versus CKD stage 1. c—p < 0.05, versus CKD stage 3. d—p < 0.05, versus CKD stage 4. e—p = 0.000, versus CKD stage 4. f—p < 0.05, versus healthy individuals.