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Results for 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assays. (A) Comparison of antioxidation activity with various carotenoids. Ascorbic acid (10 mg/L) was used as the positive control standard. All carotenoid concentrations were fixed at 20 mg/L for the DPPH assays. (B) DPPH scavenging activity of deinoxanthin and astaxanthin at different concentrations. All experiments were conducted in triplicate, and the error bars represent the standard deviation.
