Table 2.
Identified ruminal metabolites that were altered in beef steers fed diets supplemented with direct-fed microbials containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products.
| Item | Normalized RT | FC | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effects of supplemental PROB | |||
| 2-amino-5-oxohexanoate | 442.4 | 0.41 | 0.01 |
| 6-acetamido-2-oxohexanoate | 638.7 | 0.45 | 0.01 |
| 9-oxononanoic acid | 1256.5 | 0.69 | 0.02 |
| Isomer of 9-oxononanoic acid * | 1097.7 | 0.74 | 0.04 |
| 8-iso prostaglandin F1alpha | 1245.5 | 0.82 | 0.01 |
| 9,10-epoxy-13-hydroxy-11-octadecenoate | 1330.5 | 0.70 | 0.05 |
| 12,13-epoxy-9-hydroxy-10-octadecenoate | 1337.4 | 0.70 | 0.05 |
| Isomer of 12,13-epoxy-9-hydroxy-10-octadecenoate * | 1364.4 | 0.72 | 0.05 |
| Succinic acid | 973.7 | 0.61 | 0.03 |
| Hydroxylpropionic acid | 424.9 | 1.52 | 0.01 |
| Propionic acid | 758.4 | 1.43 | 0.05 |
| Isomer of propionic acid | 723.7 | 1.71 | 0.01 |
| Effects of supplemental SYNB | |||
| Succinic acid | 973.7 | 0.74 | 0.01 |
| Pimelate | 1374.2 | 0.54 | 0.03 |
| Isomer of propionic acid | 723.7 | 1.32 | 0.05 |
| Propionic acid | 758.4 | 1.54 | 0.02 |
Normalized RT (retention time) shows the corrected retention time of the peak pair with Universal RT Calibrant data. FC—fold change relative to Control; FDR—False discovery rate-adjusted p-value. * More than one isomer of the indicated metabolite was identified. PROB = a blend of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei, and their fermentation products fed at 19 g/steer/day (PMI, Arden Hills, MN); SYNB = a blend of live S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis fed at 28 g/steer/day PMI, Arden Hills, MN). Only metabolites with both fold-change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83, relative to control and p ≤ 0.05 are shown.