Five shared regulatory genes in GRNs. Four GRNs for (A) COPS4, (B) PSMA6, (C) GTF2B, (D) GTF2F2, and (E) SSB were established using the AD, CNAD, DM, and CNDM blood samples, respectively. GRNs were constructed by integrating GENIE3, the TF database, the PPI database, and correlation values of gene expression. Blue colors indicate down-regulated genes. A large size and black color indicate TF-related genes. Edges between two genes were constructed from GENIE3, the PPI database, and correlations of RNA expression data. Four GRNs per gene, constructed using AD, CNAD, DM, and CNDM samples, respectively, are illustrated. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CNAD, AD-matched control; CNDM, DM-matched control; GRN, gene regulatory network; TF, transcription factor; and PPI, protein-protein interaction.