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. 2020 Dec 29;12(1):31. doi: 10.3390/genes12010031

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plant immunity principles. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are molecules released from pathogens, such as chitin and flagellin. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize the PAMPs from the pathogens and transmit signals to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and WRKY transcript factors, which induce PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) response. Pilus is a tool that delivers bacterial effector proteins into the host cell. PRRs consist of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and are recognized by nucleotide-binding site (NB)-LRR receptors, which induce effector-triggered immunity (ETI). NB-LRR proteins consist of an LRR domain, a NB domain, and an amino-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor resistance protein (TIR) or a coiled-coil (CC) domain.